Enable create-project for non-Administrators

Allow other than 'Administrators' to use the create-project command.

Added configuration parameters in gerrit.config to denote which
group(s) are allowed to create projects, and which group(s) should
be new projects' owner(s) by default.

repository.*.createGroup specifies which group(s) are allowed to
create projects. Default is 'Administrators'.

repository.*.ownerGroup specifies which group(s) become the
owner(s) of new projects. Default is whatever is specified
by repository.*.createGroup, or 'Administrators' if no such
configuration exists. Can be overridden by create-project's
parameter --owner.

Bug: issue 269
Change-Id: Ieeb694508dd4c12578877335a63944bc90d6b553

Documentation/cmd-create-project.txt

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'ssh' -p <port> <host> 'gerrit create-project' \
 \--name <NAME> \
 [--branch <REF>] \
-[\--owner <GROUP>] \
+[\--owner <GROUP> ...] \
 [\--description <DESC>] \
 [\--submit-type <TYPE>] \
 [\--use-contributor-agreements] \
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ on the remote system to create the empty repository.
 
 ACCESS
 ------
-Caller must be a member of the privileged 'Administrators' group.
+Caller must be a member of any of the groups defined by
+repository.*.createGroup in gerrit.config.
+
+If there is no such declaration, caller is required to be a member
+of the privileged 'Administrators' group.
 
 SCRIPTING
 ---------
@@ -49,13 +53,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	Defaults to 'master'.
 
 \--owner::
-	Name of the group which will initially own this repository.
-	The specified group must already be defined within Gerrit.
-	Only one group can be specified on the command line.
-	To specify additional owners, add the additional owners
-	through the web interface after project creation.
+	Name of the group(s) which will initially own this repository.
+	The specified group(s) must already be defined within Gerrit.
+	Several groups can be specified on the command line.
 +
-Defaults to `Administrators` if not specified.
+Defaults to what is specified by repository.*.ownerGroup
+in gerrit.config. If no such declaration(s) exist,
+repository.*.createGroup will be used. If they don't exist,
+`Administrators` will be used.
 
 \--description::
 	Initial description of the project.  If not specified,

Documentation/config-gerrit.txt

@@ -1235,6 +1235,45 @@ instance are generally worked on with the repo multi-repository tool.
 +
 By default, false, as not all instances will deploy repo.
 
+[[repository]]Section repository
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Repositories in this sense are the same as projects.
+
+In the following example configuration the `Administrators` and the
+`Registered Users` groups are set to be the ones to be allowed to
+create projects matching `*` (any project).  `Registered Users` is
+set to be the default owner of new projects.
+
+----
+[repository "*"]
+  createGroup = Administrators
+  createGroup = Registered Users
+  ownerGroup = Registered Users
+----
+
+[NOTE]
+Currently only the repository name `*` is supported.
+This is a wildcard designating all repositories.
+
+[[repository.name.createGroup]]repository.<name>.createGroup::
++
+A name of a group which exists in the database. Zero, one or many
+groups are allowed.  Each on its own line.  Groups which don't exist
+in the database are ignored.
++
+If no groups are declared (or only non-existing ones), the default
+value `Administrators` is used.
+
+[[repository.name.ownerGroup]]repository.<name>.ownerGroup::
++
+A name of a group which exists in the database. Zero, one or many
+groups are allowed.  Each on its own line.  Groups which don't exist
+in the database are ignored.
++
+If no groups are declared (or only non-existing ones), it defaults
+to whatever is declared by `repository.<name>.createGroup` (including
+any fallback to `Administrators`.)
+
 [[sendemail]]Section sendemail
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/config/ConfigUtil.java

@@ -16,9 +16,18 @@ package com.google.gerrit.server.config;
 
 import static org.eclipse.jgit.util.StringUtils.equalsIgnoreCase;
 
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroup;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroupName;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.ReviewDb;
+import com.google.gwtorm.client.OrmException;
+import com.google.gwtorm.client.SchemaFactory;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 public class ConfigUtil {
@@ -199,6 +208,60 @@ public class ConfigUtil {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Resolve groups from group names, via the database. Group names not found in
+   * the database will be skipped.
+   *
+   * @param dbfactory database to resolve from.
+   * @param groupNames group names to resolve.
+   * @param log log for any warnings and errors.
+   * @param groupNotFoundWarning formatted message to output to the log for each
+   *        group name which is not found in the database. <code>{0}</code> will
+   *        be replaced with the group name.
+   * @return the actual groups resolved from the database. If no groups are
+   *         found, returns an empty {@code Set}, never {@code null}.
+   */
+  public static Set<AccountGroup.Id> groupsFor(
+      SchemaFactory<ReviewDb> dbfactory, String[] groupNames, Logger log,
+      String groupNotFoundWarning) {
+    final Set<AccountGroup.Id> result = new HashSet<AccountGroup.Id>();
+    try {
+      final ReviewDb db = dbfactory.open();
+      try {
+        for (String name : groupNames) {
+          AccountGroupName group =
+              db.accountGroupNames().get(new AccountGroup.NameKey(name));
+          if (group == null) {
+            log.warn(MessageFormat.format(groupNotFoundWarning, name));
+          } else {
+            result.add(group.getId());
+          }
+        }
+      } finally {
+        db.close();
+      }
+    } catch (OrmException e) {
+      log.error("Database error, cannot load groups", e);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve groups from group names, via the database. Group names not found in
+   * the database will be skipped.
+   *
+   * @param dbfactory database to resolve from.
+   * @param groupNames group names to resolve.
+   * @param log log for any warnings and errors.
+   * @return the actual groups resolved from the database. If no groups are
+   *         found, returns an empty {@code Set}, never {@code null}.
+   */
+  public static Set<AccountGroup.Id> groupsFor(
+      SchemaFactory<ReviewDb> dbfactory, String[] groupNames, Logger log) {
+    return groupsFor(dbfactory, groupNames, log,
+        "Group \"{0}\" not in database, skipping.");
+  }
+
   private static boolean match(final String a, final String... cases) {
     for (final String b : cases) {
       if (equalsIgnoreCase(a, b)) {

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/config/GerritGlobalModule.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import static com.google.inject.Scopes.SINGLETON;
 
 import com.google.gerrit.common.data.ApprovalTypes;
 import com.google.gerrit.lifecycle.LifecycleModule;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroup;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AuthType;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.Project;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.AnonymousUser;
@@ -64,9 +65,12 @@ import com.google.gerrit.server.util.IdGenerator;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.workflow.FunctionState;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
 
+import com.google.inject.TypeLiteral;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
 import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.PersonIdent;
 
+import java.util.Set;
+
 /** Starts global state with standard dependencies. */
 public class GerritGlobalModule extends FactoryModule {
   private final AuthType loginType;
@@ -93,6 +97,10 @@ public class GerritGlobalModule extends FactoryModule {
 
     bind(Project.NameKey.class).annotatedWith(WildProjectName.class)
         .toProvider(WildProjectNameProvider.class).in(SINGLETON);
+    bind(new TypeLiteral<Set<AccountGroup.Id>>(){}).annotatedWith(ProjectCreatorGroups.class)
+        .toProvider(ProjectCreatorGroupsProvider.class).in(SINGLETON);
+    bind(new TypeLiteral<Set<AccountGroup.Id>>(){}).annotatedWith(ProjectOwnerGroups.class)
+        .toProvider(ProjectOwnerGroupsProvider.class).in(SINGLETON);
     bind(ApprovalTypes.class).toProvider(ApprovalTypesProvider.class).in(
         SINGLETON);
     bind(EmailExpander.class).toProvider(EmailExpanderProvider.class).in(

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/config/ProjectCreatorGroups.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.config;
+
+import com.google.inject.BindingAnnotation;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+/**
+ * Marker on a {@code Set<AccountGroup.Id>} for the configured groups with
+ * permission to create projects.
+ */
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@BindingAnnotation
+public @interface ProjectCreatorGroups {
+}

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/config/ProjectCreatorGroupsProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.config;
+
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroup;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.ReviewDb;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.SystemConfig;
+import com.google.gwtorm.client.SchemaFactory;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.Provider;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Provider of the group(s) which are allowed to create new projects. Currently
+ * only supports {@code createGroup} declarations in the {@code "*"} repository,
+ * like so:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * [repository &quot;*&quot;]
+ *     createGroup = Registered Users
+ *     createGroup = Administrators
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class ProjectCreatorGroupsProvider implements
+    Provider<Set<AccountGroup.Id>> {
+  private static final Logger log =
+      LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProjectCreatorGroupsProvider.class);
+
+  private final Set<AccountGroup.Id> groupIds;
+
+  @Inject
+  ProjectCreatorGroupsProvider(@GerritServerConfig final Config config,
+      SchemaFactory<ReviewDb> db, final SystemConfig systemConfig) {
+    String[] names = config.getStringList("repository", "*", "createGroup");
+    Set<AccountGroup.Id> createGroups = ConfigUtil.groupsFor(db, names, log);
+
+    if (createGroups.isEmpty()) {
+      groupIds = Collections.singleton(systemConfig.adminGroupId);
+    } else {
+      groupIds = createGroups;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public Set<AccountGroup.Id> get() {
+    return groupIds;
+  }
+}

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/config/ProjectOwnerGroups.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.config;
+
+import com.google.inject.BindingAnnotation;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+/**
+ * Marker on a {@code Set<AccountGroup.Id>} for the configured groups which
+ * should become owners of a created project.
+ */
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@BindingAnnotation
+public @interface ProjectOwnerGroups {
+}

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/config/ProjectOwnerGroupsProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package com.google.gerrit.server.config;
+
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroup;
+import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.ReviewDb;
+import com.google.gwtorm.client.SchemaFactory;
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.Provider;
+
+import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Config;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Provider of the group(s) which should become owners of a newly created
+ * project. Currently only supports {@code ownerGroup} declarations in the
+ * {@code "*"} repository, like so:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * [repository &quot;*&quot;]
+ *     ownerGroup = Registered Users
+ *     ownerGroup = Administrators
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public class ProjectOwnerGroupsProvider implements
+    Provider<Set<AccountGroup.Id>> {
+  private static final Logger log =
+      LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProjectOwnerGroupsProvider.class);
+
+  private final Set<AccountGroup.Id> groupIds;
+
+  @Inject
+  ProjectOwnerGroupsProvider(@GerritServerConfig final Config config,
+      SchemaFactory<ReviewDb> db,
+      @ProjectCreatorGroups Set<AccountGroup.Id> creatorGroups) {
+    String[] names = config.getStringList("repository", "*", "ownerGroup");
+    Set<AccountGroup.Id> ownerGroups = ConfigUtil.groupsFor(db, names, log);
+
+    if (ownerGroups.isEmpty()) {
+      groupIds = creatorGroups;
+    } else {
+      groupIds = ownerGroups;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public Set<AccountGroup.Id> get() {
+    return groupIds;
+  }
+}

gerrit-server/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/server/git/PushReplication.java

@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@
 package com.google.gerrit.server.git;
 
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroup;
-import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.AccountGroupName;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.Project;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.ReviewDb;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.CurrentUser;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.ReplicationUser;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.config.ConfigUtil;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.config.SitePaths;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.project.NoSuchProjectException;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.project.ProjectControl;
-import com.google.gwtorm.client.OrmException;
 import com.google.gwtorm.client.SchemaFactory;
 import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -322,7 +320,8 @@ public class PushReplication implements ReplicationQueue {
       String[] authGroupNames =
           cfg.getStringList("remote", rc.getName(), "authGroup");
       authEnabled = authGroupNames.length > 0;
-      Set<AccountGroup.Id> authGroups = groupsFor(db, authGroupNames);
+      Set<AccountGroup.Id> authGroups = ConfigUtil.groupsFor(db, authGroupNames, log,
+              "Group \"{0}\" not in database, removing from authGroup");
 
       final ReplicationUser remoteUser =
           replicationUserFactory.create(authGroups);
@@ -347,31 +346,6 @@ public class PushReplication implements ReplicationQueue {
       }).getInstance(PushOp.Factory.class);
     }
 
-    private static Set<AccountGroup.Id> groupsFor(
-        SchemaFactory<ReviewDb> dbfactory, String[] groupNames) {
-      final Set<AccountGroup.Id> result = new HashSet<AccountGroup.Id>();
-      try {
-        final ReviewDb db = dbfactory.open();
-        try {
-          for (String name : groupNames) {
-            AccountGroupName group =
-                db.accountGroupNames().get(new AccountGroup.NameKey(name));
-            if (group == null) {
-              log.warn("Group \"" + name + "\" not in database,"
-                  + " removing from authGroup");
-            } else {
-              result.add(group.getId());
-            }
-          }
-        } finally {
-          db.close();
-        }
-      } catch (OrmException e) {
-        log.error("Database error: " + e);
-      }
-      return result;
-    }
-
     private int getInt(final RemoteConfig rc, final Config cfg,
         final String name, final int defValue) {
       return cfg.getInt("remote", rc.getName(), name, defValue);

gerrit-sshd/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/sshd/commands/CreateProject.java

@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.Project;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.RefRight;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.ReviewDb;
 import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.Project.SubmitType;
-import com.google.gerrit.server.config.AuthConfig;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.IdentifiedUser;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.config.ProjectCreatorGroups;
+import com.google.gerrit.server.config.ProjectOwnerGroups;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.git.GitRepositoryManager;
 import com.google.gerrit.server.git.ReplicationQueue;
-import com.google.gerrit.sshd.AdminCommand;
 import com.google.gerrit.sshd.BaseCommand;
 import com.google.gwtorm.client.OrmException;
 import com.google.inject.Inject;
@@ -35,17 +36,20 @@ import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Repository;
 import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
 
 /** Create a new project. **/
-@AdminCommand
-final class AdminCreateProject extends BaseCommand {
+final class CreateProject extends BaseCommand {
   @Option(name = "--name", required = true, aliases = {"-n"}, metaVar = "NAME", usage = "name of project to be created")
   private String projectName;
 
-  @Option(name = "--owner", aliases = {"-o"}, usage = "owner of project\n"
-      + "(default: Administrators)")
-  private AccountGroup.Id ownerId;
+  @Option(name = "--owner", aliases = {"-o"}, usage = "owner(s) of project")
+  private List<AccountGroup.Id> ownerIds;
 
   @Option(name = "--description", aliases = {"-d"}, metaVar = "DESC", usage = "description of project")
   private String projectDescription = "";
@@ -71,7 +75,15 @@ final class AdminCreateProject extends BaseCommand {
   private GitRepositoryManager repoManager;
 
   @Inject
-  private AuthConfig authConfig;
+  @ProjectCreatorGroups
+  private Set<AccountGroup.Id> projectCreatorGroups;
+
+  @Inject
+  @ProjectOwnerGroups
+  private Set<AccountGroup.Id> projectOwnerGroups;
+
+  @Inject
+  private IdentifiedUser currentUser;
 
   @Inject
   private ReplicationQueue rq;
@@ -83,7 +95,6 @@ final class AdminCreateProject extends BaseCommand {
       public void run() throws Exception {
         PrintWriter p = toPrintWriter(out);
 
-        ownerId = authConfig.getAdministratorsGroup();
         parseCommandLine();
 
         try {
@@ -111,16 +122,40 @@ final class AdminCreateProject extends BaseCommand {
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Checks if any of the elements in the first collection can be found in the
+   * second collection.
+   *
+   * @param findAnyOfThese which elements to look for.
+   * @param inThisCollection where to look for them.
+   * @param <E> type of the elements in question.
+   * @return {@code true} if any of the elements in {@code findAnyOfThese} can
+   *         be found in {@code inThisCollection}, {@code false} otherwise.
+   */
+  private static <E> boolean isAnyIncludedIn(Collection<E> findAnyOfThese,
+      Collection<E> inThisCollection) {
+    for (E findThisItem : findAnyOfThese) {
+      if (inThisCollection.contains(findThisItem)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
   private void createProject() throws OrmException {
     final Project.NameKey newProjectNameKey = new Project.NameKey(projectName);
 
-    final RefRight.Key prk =
-        new RefRight.Key(newProjectNameKey, new RefRight.RefPattern(
-            RefRight.ALL), ApprovalCategory.OWN, ownerId);
-    final RefRight pr = new RefRight(prk);
-    pr.setMaxValue((short) 1);
-    pr.setMinValue((short) 1);
-    db.refRights().insert(Collections.singleton(pr));
+    List<RefRight> access = new ArrayList<RefRight>();
+    for (AccountGroup.Id ownerId : ownerIds) {
+      final RefRight.Key prk =
+          new RefRight.Key(newProjectNameKey, new RefRight.RefPattern(
+              RefRight.ALL), ApprovalCategory.OWN, ownerId);
+      final RefRight pr = new RefRight(prk);
+      pr.setMaxValue((short) 1);
+      pr.setMinValue((short) 1);
+      access.add(pr);
+    }
+    db.refRights().insert(access);
 
     final Project newProject = new Project(newProjectNameKey);
     newProject.setDescription(projectDescription);
@@ -137,6 +172,17 @@ final class AdminCreateProject extends BaseCommand {
           projectName.substring(0, projectName.length() - ".git".length());
     }
 
+    if (!isAnyIncludedIn(currentUser.getEffectiveGroups(), projectCreatorGroups)) {
+      throw new Failure(1, "fatal: Not permitted to create " + projectName);
+    }
+
+    if (ownerIds != null && !ownerIds.isEmpty()) {
+      ownerIds =
+          new ArrayList<AccountGroup.Id>(new HashSet<AccountGroup.Id>(ownerIds));
+    } else {
+      ownerIds = new ArrayList<AccountGroup.Id>(projectOwnerGroups);
+    }
+
     while (branch.startsWith("/")) {
       branch = branch.substring(1);
     }

gerrit-sshd/src/main/java/com/google/gerrit/sshd/commands/MasterCommandModule.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public class MasterCommandModule extends CommandModule {
 
     command(gerrit, "approve").to(ApproveCommand.class);
     command(gerrit, "create-account").to(AdminCreateAccount.class);
-    command(gerrit, "create-project").to(AdminCreateProject.class);
+    command(gerrit, "create-project").to(CreateProject.class);
     command(gerrit, "gsql").to(AdminQueryShell.class);
     command(gerrit, "receive-pack").to(Receive.class);
     command(gerrit, "replicate").to(AdminReplicate.class);