791 lines
28 KiB
Python
791 lines
28 KiB
Python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
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#
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# Copyright © 2012, 2013 Dell Inc.
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#
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# Author: Stas Maksimov <Stanislav_M@dell.com>
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# Author: Shengjie Min <Shengjie_Min@dell.com>
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#
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
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# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
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# a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
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# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
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# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
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# under the License.
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"""HBase storage backend
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"""
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from sets import Set
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from urlparse import urlparse
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import json
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import hashlib
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import copy
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import datetime
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import happybase
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import os
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import re
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from oslo.config import cfg
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from ceilometer.openstack.common import log
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from ceilometer.openstack.common import timeutils
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from ceilometer.storage import base
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from ceilometer.storage import models
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LOG = log.getLogger(__name__)
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class HBaseStorage(base.StorageEngine):
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"""Put the data into a HBase database
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Collections:
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- user
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- { _id: user id
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source: [ array of source ids reporting for the user ]
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}
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- project
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- { _id: project id
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source: [ array of source ids reporting for the project ]
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}
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- meter
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- the raw incoming data
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- resource
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- the metadata for resources
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- { _id: uuid of resource,
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metadata: metadata dictionaries
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timestamp: datetime of last update
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user_id: uuid
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project_id: uuid
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meter: [ array of {counter_name: string, counter_type: string} ]
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}
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"""
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OPTIONS = [
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cfg.StrOpt('table_prefix',
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default=None,
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help='Database table prefix',
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),
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]
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def register_opts(self, conf):
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"""Register any configuration options used by this engine.
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"""
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conf.register_opts(self.OPTIONS)
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@staticmethod
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def get_connection(conf):
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"""Return a Connection instance based on the configuration settings.
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"""
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return Connection(conf)
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class Connection(base.Connection):
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"""HBase connection.
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"""
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def __init__(self, conf):
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"""Hbase Connection Initialization."""
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opts = self._parse_connection_url(conf.database.connection)
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opts['table_prefix'] = conf.table_prefix
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if opts['host'] == '__test__':
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url = os.environ.get('CEILOMETER_TEST_HBASE_URL')
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if url:
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# Reparse URL, but from the env variable now
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opts = self._parse_connection_url(url)
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else:
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# This is a in-memory usage for unit tests
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self.conn = MConnection()
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self.project = self.conn.table(self.PROJECT_TABLE)
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self.user = self.conn.table(self.USER_TABLE)
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self.resource = self.conn.table(self.RESOURCE_TABLE)
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self.meter = self.conn.table(self.METER_TABLE)
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return
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self.conn = self._get_connection(opts)
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self.conn.open()
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self.project = self.conn.table(self.PROJECT_TABLE)
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self.user = self.conn.table(self.USER_TABLE)
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self.resource = self.conn.table(self.RESOURCE_TABLE)
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self.meter = self.conn.table(self.METER_TABLE)
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PROJECT_TABLE = "project"
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USER_TABLE = "user"
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RESOURCE_TABLE = "resource"
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METER_TABLE = "meter"
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def upgrade(self, version=None):
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self.conn.create_table(self.PROJECT_TABLE, {'f': dict()})
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self.conn.create_table(self.USER_TABLE, {'f': dict()})
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self.conn.create_table(self.RESOURCE_TABLE, {'f': dict()})
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self.conn.create_table(self.METER_TABLE, {'f': dict()})
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def clear(self):
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LOG.debug('Dropping HBase schema...')
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for table in [self.PROJECT_TABLE,
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self.USER_TABLE,
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self.RESOURCE_TABLE,
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self.METER_TABLE]:
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try:
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self.conn.disable_table(table)
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except Exception:
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LOG.debug('Cannot disable table but ignoring error')
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try:
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self.conn.delete_table(table)
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except Exception:
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LOG.debug('Cannot delete table but ignoring error')
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@staticmethod
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def _get_connection(conf):
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"""Return a connection to the database.
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.. note::
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The tests use a subclass to override this and return an
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in-memory connection.
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"""
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LOG.debug('connecting to HBase on %s:%s', conf['host'], conf['port'])
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return happybase.Connection(host=conf['host'], port=conf['port'],
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table_prefix=conf['table_prefix'])
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@staticmethod
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def _parse_connection_url(url):
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"""Parse connection parameters from a database url.
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.. note::
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HBase Thrift does not support authentication and there is no
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database name, so we are not looking for these in the url.
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"""
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opts = {}
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result = urlparse(url)
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opts['dbtype'] = result.scheme
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if ':' in result.netloc:
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opts['host'], port = result.netloc.split(':')
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else:
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opts['host'] = result.netloc
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port = 9090
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opts['port'] = port and int(port) or 9090
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return opts
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def record_metering_data(self, data):
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"""Write the data to the backend storage system.
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:param data: a dictionary such as returned by
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ceilometer.meter.meter_message_from_counter
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"""
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# Make sure we know about the user and project
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if data['user_id']:
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user = self.user.row(data['user_id'])
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sources = _load_hbase_list(user, 's')
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# Update if source is new
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if data['source'] not in sources:
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user['f:s_%s' % data['source']] = "1"
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self.user.put(data['user_id'], user)
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project = self.project.row(data['project_id'])
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sources = _load_hbase_list(project, 's')
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# Update if source is new
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if data['source'] not in sources:
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project['f:s_%s' % data['source']] = "1"
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self.project.put(data['project_id'], project)
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rts = reverse_timestamp(data['timestamp'])
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resource = self.resource.row(data['resource_id'])
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new_meter = "%s!%s!%s" % (
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data['counter_name'], data['counter_type'], data['counter_unit'])
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new_resource = {'f:resource_id': data['resource_id'],
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'f:project_id': data['project_id'],
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'f:user_id': data['user_id'],
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'f:source': data["source"],
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# store meters with prefix "m_"
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'f:m_%s' % new_meter: "1"
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}
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# store metadata fields with prefix "r_"
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resource_metadata = dict(('f:r_%s' % k, v)
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for (k, v)
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in data['resource_metadata'].iteritems())
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new_resource.update(resource_metadata)
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# Update if resource has new information
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if new_resource != resource:
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meters = _load_hbase_list(resource, 'm')
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if new_meter not in meters:
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new_resource['f:m_%s' % new_meter] = "1"
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self.resource.put(data['resource_id'], new_resource)
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# Rowkey consists of reversed timestamp, meter and an md5 of
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# user+resource+project for purposes of uniqueness
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m = hashlib.md5()
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m.update("%s%s%s" % (data['user_id'], data['resource_id'],
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data['project_id']))
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# We use reverse timestamps in rowkeys as they are sorted
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# alphabetically.
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row = "%s_%d_%s" % (data['counter_name'], rts, m.hexdigest())
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# Convert timestamp to string as json.dumps won't
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ts = timeutils.strtime(data['timestamp'])
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record = {'f:timestamp': ts,
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'f:counter_name': data['counter_name'],
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'f:counter_type': data['counter_type'],
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'f:counter_volume': str(data['counter_volume']),
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'f:counter_unit': data['counter_unit'],
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# TODO(shengjie) consider using QualifierFilter
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# keep dimensions as column qualifier for quicker look up
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# TODO(shengjie) extra dimensions need to be added as CQ
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'f:user_id': data['user_id'],
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'f:project_id': data['project_id'],
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'f:resource_id': data['resource_id'],
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'f:source': data['source'],
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# add in reversed_ts here for time range scan
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'f:rts': str(rts)
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}
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# Don't want to be changing the original data object.
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data = copy.copy(data)
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data['timestamp'] = ts
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# Save original meter.
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record['f:message'] = json.dumps(data)
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self.meter.put(row, record)
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def get_users(self, source=None):
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"""Return an iterable of user id strings.
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:param source: Optional source filter.
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"""
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LOG.debug("source: %s" % source)
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scan_args = {}
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if source:
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scan_args['columns'] = ['f:s_%s' % source]
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return sorted(key for key, ignored in self.user.scan(**scan_args))
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def get_projects(self, source=None):
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"""Return an iterable of project id strings.
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:param source: Optional source filter.
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"""
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LOG.debug("source: %s" % source)
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scan_args = {}
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if source:
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scan_args['columns'] = ['f:s_%s' % source]
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return (key for key, ignored in self.project.scan(**scan_args))
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def get_resources(self, user=None, project=None, source=None,
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start_timestamp=None, end_timestamp=None,
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metaquery={}):
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"""Return an iterable of models.Resource instances
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:param user: Optional ID for user that owns the resource.
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:param project: Optional ID for project that owns the resource.
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:param source: Optional source filter.
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:param start_timestamp: Optional modified timestamp start range.
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:param end_timestamp: Optional modified timestamp end range.
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:param metaquery: Optional dict with metadata to match on.
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"""
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def make_resource(data):
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"""Transform HBase fields to Resource model."""
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# convert HBase metadata e.g. f:r_display_name to display_name
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data['f:metadata'] = dict((k[4:], v)
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for k, v in data.iteritems()
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if k.startswith('f:r_'))
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return models.Resource(
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resource_id=data['f:resource_id'],
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project_id=data['f:project_id'],
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source=data['f:source'],
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user_id=data['f:user_id'],
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metadata=data['f:metadata'],
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meter=[
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models.ResourceMeter(*(m[4:].split("!")))
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for m in data
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if m.startswith('f:m_')
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],
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)
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q, start_row, stop_row = make_query(user=user,
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project=project,
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source=source,
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start=start_timestamp,
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end=end_timestamp,
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require_meter=False,
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query_only=False)
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LOG.debug("Query Meter table: %s" % q)
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gen = self.meter.scan(filter=q, row_start=start_row, row_stop=stop_row)
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# put all the resource_ids in a Set
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resource_ids = Set()
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for ignored, data in gen:
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resource_ids.add(data['f:resource_id'])
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# handle metaquery
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if len(metaquery) > 0:
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for ignored, data in self.resource.rows(resource_ids):
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for k, v in metaquery.iteritems():
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# if metaquery matches, yield the resource model
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# e.g. metaquery: metadata.display_name
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# equals
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# HBase: f:r_display_name
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if data['f:r_' + k.split('.', 1)[1]] == v:
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yield make_resource(data)
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else:
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for ignored, data in self.resource.rows(resource_ids):
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yield make_resource(data)
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def get_meters(self, user=None, project=None, resource=None, source=None,
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metaquery={}):
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"""Return an iterable of models.Meter instances
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:param user: Optional ID for user that owns the resource.
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:param project: Optional ID for project that owns the resource.
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:param resource: Optional resource filter.
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:param source: Optional source filter.
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:param metaquery: Optional dict with metadata to match on.
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"""
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q = make_query(user=user, project=project, resource=resource,
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source=source, require_meter=False, query_only=True)
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LOG.debug("Query Resource table: %s" % q)
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# handle metaquery
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if len(metaquery) > 0:
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meta_q = []
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for k, v in metaquery.iteritems():
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meta_q.append(
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"SingleColumnValueFilter ('f', '%s', =, 'binary:%s')"
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% ('r_' + k.split('.', 1)[1], v))
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meta_q = " AND ".join(meta_q)
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# join query and metaquery
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if q is not None:
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q += " AND " + meta_q
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else:
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q = meta_q # metaquery only
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gen = self.resource.scan(filter=q)
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for ignored, data in gen:
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# Meter columns are stored like this:
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# "m_{counter_name}|{counter_type}|{counter_unit}" => "1"
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# where 'm' is a prefix (m for meter), value is always set to 1
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meter = None
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for m in data:
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if m.startswith('f:m_'):
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meter = m
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break
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if meter is None:
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continue
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name, type, unit = meter[4:].split("!")
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yield models.Meter(
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name=name,
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type=type,
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unit=unit,
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resource_id=data['f:resource_id'],
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project_id=data['f:project_id'],
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source=data['f:source'],
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user_id=data['f:user_id'],
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)
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def get_samples(self, sample_filter, limit=None):
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"""Return an iterable of models.Sample instances.
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:param sample_filter: Filter.
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:param limit: Maximum number of results to return.
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"""
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def make_sample(data):
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"""Transform HBase fields to Sample model."""
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data = json.loads(data['f:message'])
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data['timestamp'] = timeutils.parse_strtime(data['timestamp'])
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return models.Sample(**data)
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q, start, stop = make_query_from_filter(sample_filter,
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require_meter=False)
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LOG.debug("Query Meter Table: %s" % q)
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gen = self.meter.scan(filter=q, row_start=start, row_stop=stop)
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for ignored, meter in gen:
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# TODO(shengjie) put this implementation here because it's failing
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# the test. bp hbase-meter-table-enhancement will address this
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# properly.
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# handle metaquery
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metaquery = sample_filter.metaquery
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# TODO(jd) implements using HBase capabilities
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if limit == 0:
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break
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if len(metaquery) > 0:
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# metaquery checks resource table
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resource = self.resource.row(meter['f:resource_id'])
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for k, v in metaquery.iteritems():
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if resource['f:r_' + k.split('.', 1)[1]] != v:
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break # if one metaquery doesn't match, break
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else:
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if limit:
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limit -= 1
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yield make_sample(meter)
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else:
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if limit:
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limit -= 1
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yield make_sample(meter)
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def _update_meter_stats(self, stat, meter):
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"""Do the stats calculation on a requested time bucket in stats dict
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:param stats: dict where aggregated stats are kept
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:param index: time bucket index in stats
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:param meter: meter record as returned from HBase
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:param start_time: query start time
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:param period: length of the time bucket
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"""
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vol = int(meter['f:counter_volume'])
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ts = timeutils.parse_strtime(meter['f:timestamp'])
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stat.min = min(vol, stat.min or vol)
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stat.max = max(vol, stat.max)
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stat.sum = vol + (stat.sum or 0)
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stat.count += 1
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stat.avg = (stat.sum / float(stat.count))
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stat.duration_start = min(ts, stat.duration_start or ts)
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stat.duration_end = max(ts, stat.duration_end or ts)
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stat.duration = \
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timeutils.delta_seconds(stat.duration_start,
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stat.duration_end)
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def get_meter_statistics(self, sample_filter, period=None):
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"""Return an iterable of models.Statistics instances containing meter
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statistics described by the query parameters.
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The filter must have a meter value set.
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.. note::
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Due to HBase limitations the aggregations are implemented
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in the driver itself, therefore this method will be quite slow
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because of all the Thrift traffic it is going to create.
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"""
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q, start, stop = make_query_from_filter(sample_filter)
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meters = list(meter for (ignored, meter) in
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self.meter.scan(filter=q,
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row_start=start,
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row_stop=stop)
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)
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if sample_filter.start:
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start_time = sample_filter.start
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elif meters:
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start_time = timeutils.parse_strtime(meters[-1]['f:timestamp'])
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else:
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start_time = None
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if sample_filter.end:
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end_time = sample_filter.end
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elif meters:
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end_time = timeutils.parse_strtime(meters[0]['f:timestamp'])
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else:
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end_time = None
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results = []
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if not period:
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period = 0
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period_start = start_time
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period_end = end_time
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# As our HBase meters are stored as newest-first, we need to iterate
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# in the reverse order
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for meter in meters[::-1]:
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ts = timeutils.parse_strtime(meter['f:timestamp'])
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if period:
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offset = int(timeutils.delta_seconds(
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start_time, ts) / period) * period
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period_start = start_time + datetime.timedelta(0, offset)
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if not len(results) or not results[-1].period_start == \
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period_start:
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if period:
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period_end = period_start + datetime.timedelta(
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0, period)
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results.append(
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models.Statistics(count=0,
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min=0,
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max=0,
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|
avg=0,
|
|
sum=0,
|
|
period=period,
|
|
period_start=period_start,
|
|
period_end=period_end,
|
|
duration=None,
|
|
duration_start=None,
|
|
duration_end=None)
|
|
)
|
|
self._update_meter_stats(results[-1], meter)
|
|
return results
|
|
|
|
def get_alarms(self, name=None, user=None,
|
|
project=None, enabled=True, alarm_id=None):
|
|
"""Yields a lists of alarms that match filters
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('metaquery not implemented')
|
|
"""
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('Alarms not implemented')
|
|
|
|
def update_alarm(self, alarm):
|
|
"""update alarm
|
|
"""
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('Alarms not implemented')
|
|
|
|
def delete_alarm(self, alarm_id):
|
|
"""Delete a alarm
|
|
"""
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('Alarms not implemented')
|
|
|
|
def record_events(self, events):
|
|
"""Write the events.
|
|
|
|
:param events: a list of model.Event objects.
|
|
"""
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('Events not implemented.')
|
|
|
|
def get_events(self, event_filter):
|
|
"""Return an iterable of model.Event objects.
|
|
|
|
:param event_filter: EventFilter instance
|
|
"""
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('Events not implemented.')
|
|
|
|
|
|
###############
|
|
# This is a very crude version of "in-memory HBase", which implements just
|
|
# enough functionality of HappyBase API to support testing of our driver.
|
|
#
|
|
class MTable(object):
|
|
"""HappyBase.Table mock
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, name, families):
|
|
self.name = name
|
|
self.families = families
|
|
self._rows = {}
|
|
|
|
def row(self, key):
|
|
return self._rows.get(key, {})
|
|
|
|
def rows(self, keys):
|
|
return ((k, self.row(k)) for k in keys)
|
|
|
|
def put(self, key, data):
|
|
self._rows[key] = data
|
|
|
|
def scan(self, filter=None, columns=[], row_start=None, row_stop=None):
|
|
sorted_keys = sorted(self._rows)
|
|
# copy data between row_start and row_stop into a dict
|
|
rows = {}
|
|
for row in sorted_keys:
|
|
if row_start and row < row_start:
|
|
continue
|
|
if row_stop and row > row_stop:
|
|
break
|
|
rows[row] = copy.copy(self._rows[row])
|
|
if columns:
|
|
ret = {}
|
|
for row in rows.keys():
|
|
data = rows[row]
|
|
for key in data:
|
|
if key in columns:
|
|
ret[row] = data
|
|
rows = ret
|
|
elif filter:
|
|
# TODO(jdanjou): we should really parse this properly,
|
|
# but at the moment we are only going to support AND here
|
|
filters = filter.split('AND')
|
|
for f in filters:
|
|
# Extract filter name and its arguments
|
|
g = re.search("(.*)\((.*),?\)", f)
|
|
fname = g.group(1).strip()
|
|
fargs = [s.strip().replace('\'', '').replace('\"', '')
|
|
for s in g.group(2).split(',')]
|
|
m = getattr(self, fname)
|
|
if callable(m):
|
|
# overwrite rows for filtering to take effect
|
|
# in case of multiple filters
|
|
rows = m(fargs, rows)
|
|
else:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("%s filter is not implemented, "
|
|
"you may want to add it!")
|
|
for k in sorted(rows):
|
|
yield k, rows[k]
|
|
|
|
@staticmethod
|
|
def SingleColumnValueFilter(args, rows):
|
|
"""This method is called from scan() when 'SingleColumnValueFilter'
|
|
is found in the 'filter' argument
|
|
"""
|
|
op = args[2]
|
|
column = "%s:%s" % (args[0], args[1])
|
|
value = args[3]
|
|
if value.startswith('binary:'):
|
|
value = value[7:]
|
|
r = {}
|
|
for row in rows:
|
|
data = rows[row]
|
|
|
|
if op == '=':
|
|
if column in data and data[column] == value:
|
|
r[row] = data
|
|
elif op == '<=':
|
|
if column in data and data[column] <= value:
|
|
r[row] = data
|
|
elif op == '>=':
|
|
if column in data and data[column] >= value:
|
|
r[row] = data
|
|
else:
|
|
raise NotImplementedError("In-memory "
|
|
"SingleColumnValueFilter "
|
|
"doesn't support the %s operation "
|
|
"yet" % op)
|
|
return r
|
|
|
|
|
|
class MConnection(object):
|
|
"""HappyBase.Connection mock
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
self.tables = {}
|
|
|
|
def open(self):
|
|
LOG.debug("Opening in-memory HBase connection")
|
|
|
|
def create_table(self, n, families={}):
|
|
if n in self.tables:
|
|
return self.tables[n]
|
|
t = MTable(n, families)
|
|
self.tables[n] = t
|
|
return t
|
|
|
|
def delete_table(self, name, use_prefix=True):
|
|
self.tables.remove(self.tables[name])
|
|
|
|
def table(self, name):
|
|
return self.create_table(name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
#################################################
|
|
# Here be various HBase helpers
|
|
def reverse_timestamp(dt):
|
|
"""Reverse timestamp so that newer timestamps are represented by smaller
|
|
numbers than older ones.
|
|
|
|
Reverse timestamps is a technique used in HBase rowkey design. When period
|
|
queries are required the HBase rowkeys must include timestamps, but as
|
|
rowkeys in HBase are ordered lexicographically, the timestamps must be
|
|
reversed.
|
|
"""
|
|
epoch = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)
|
|
td = dt - epoch
|
|
ts = (td.microseconds +
|
|
(td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 3600) * 100000) / 100000
|
|
return 0x7fffffffffffffff - ts
|
|
|
|
|
|
def make_query(user=None, project=None, meter=None,
|
|
resource=None, source=None, start=None, end=None,
|
|
require_meter=True, query_only=False):
|
|
"""Return a filter query string based on the selected parameters.
|
|
|
|
:param user: Optional user-id
|
|
:param project: Optional project-id
|
|
:param meter: Optional counter-name
|
|
:param resource: Optional resource-id
|
|
:param source: Optional source-id
|
|
:param start: Optional start timestamp
|
|
:param end: Optional end timestamp
|
|
:param require_meter: If true and the filter does not have a meter,
|
|
raise an error.
|
|
:param query_only: If true only returns the filter query,
|
|
otherwise also returns start and stop rowkeys
|
|
"""
|
|
q = []
|
|
|
|
if user:
|
|
q.append("SingleColumnValueFilter ('f', 'user_id', =, 'binary:%s')"
|
|
% user)
|
|
if project:
|
|
q.append("SingleColumnValueFilter ('f', 'project_id', =, 'binary:%s')"
|
|
% project)
|
|
if resource:
|
|
q.append("SingleColumnValueFilter ('f', 'resource_id', =, 'binary:%s')"
|
|
% resource)
|
|
if source:
|
|
q.append("SingleColumnValueFilter "
|
|
"('f', 'source', =, 'binary:%s')" % source)
|
|
|
|
start_row, end_row = "", ""
|
|
rts_start = str(reverse_timestamp(start) + 1) if start else ""
|
|
rts_end = str(reverse_timestamp(end) + 1) if end else ""
|
|
|
|
# when start_time and end_time is provided,
|
|
# if it's filtered by meter,
|
|
# rowkey will be used in the query;
|
|
# else it's non meter filter query(e.g. project_id, user_id etc),
|
|
# SingleColumnValueFilter against rts will be appended to the query
|
|
# query other tables should have no start and end passed in
|
|
if meter:
|
|
start_row, end_row = _make_rowkey_scan(meter, rts_start, rts_end)
|
|
elif require_meter:
|
|
raise RuntimeError('Missing required meter specifier')
|
|
else:
|
|
if rts_start:
|
|
q.append("SingleColumnValueFilter ('f', 'rts', <=, 'binary:%s')" %
|
|
rts_start)
|
|
if rts_end:
|
|
q.append("SingleColumnValueFilter ('f', 'rts', >=, 'binary:%s')" %
|
|
rts_end)
|
|
|
|
sample_filter = None
|
|
if len(q):
|
|
sample_filter = " AND ".join(q)
|
|
|
|
if query_only:
|
|
return sample_filter
|
|
else:
|
|
return sample_filter, start_row, end_row
|
|
|
|
|
|
def make_query_from_filter(sample_filter, require_meter=True):
|
|
"""Return a query dictionary based on the settings in the filter.
|
|
|
|
:param sample_filter: SampleFilter instance
|
|
:param require_meter: If true and the filter does not have a meter,
|
|
raise an error.
|
|
"""
|
|
return make_query(sample_filter.user, sample_filter.project,
|
|
sample_filter.meter, sample_filter.resource,
|
|
sample_filter.source, sample_filter.start,
|
|
sample_filter.end, require_meter)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _make_rowkey_scan(meter, rts_start=None, rts_end=None):
|
|
"""If it's meter filter without start and end,
|
|
start_row = meter while end_row = meter + MAX_BYTE
|
|
"""
|
|
if not rts_start:
|
|
rts_start = chr(127)
|
|
end_row = "%s_%s" % (meter, rts_start)
|
|
start_row = "%s_%s" % (meter, rts_end)
|
|
|
|
return start_row, end_row
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _load_hbase_list(d, prefix):
|
|
"""Deserialise dict stored as HBase column family
|
|
"""
|
|
ret = []
|
|
prefix = 'f:%s_' % prefix
|
|
for key in (k for k in d if k.startswith(prefix)):
|
|
ret.append(key[len(prefix):])
|
|
return ret
|