aodh/ceilometer/utils.py

# Copyright 2010 United States Government as represented by the
# Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
# Copyright 2011 Justin Santa Barbara

# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

"""Utilities and helper functions."""

import bisect
import calendar
import copy
import datetime
import decimal
import hashlib
import multiprocessing
import struct

from oslo_concurrency import processutils
from oslo_config import cfg
from oslo_utils import timeutils
from oslo_utils import units
import six


OPTS = [
    cfg.StrOpt('rootwrap_config',
               default="/etc/ceilometer/rootwrap.conf",
               help='Path to the rootwrap configuration file to'
                    'use for running commands as root'),
]
CONF = cfg.CONF
CONF.register_opts(OPTS)


def _get_root_helper():
    return 'sudo ceilometer-rootwrap %s' % CONF.rootwrap_config


def execute(*cmd, **kwargs):
    """Convenience wrapper around oslo's execute() method."""
    if 'run_as_root' in kwargs and 'root_helper' not in kwargs:
        kwargs['root_helper'] = _get_root_helper()
    return processutils.execute(*cmd, **kwargs)


def decode_unicode(input):
    """Decode the unicode of the message, and encode it into utf-8."""
    if isinstance(input, dict):
        temp = {}
        # If the input data is a dict, create an equivalent dict with a
        # predictable insertion order to avoid inconsistencies in the
        # message signature computation for equivalent payloads modulo
        # ordering
        for key, value in sorted(six.iteritems(input)):
            temp[decode_unicode(key)] = decode_unicode(value)
        return temp
    elif isinstance(input, (tuple, list)):
        # When doing a pair of JSON encode/decode operations to the tuple,
        # the tuple would become list. So we have to generate the value as
        # list here.
        return [decode_unicode(element) for element in input]
    elif isinstance(input, six.text_type):
        return input.encode('utf-8')
    else:
        return input


def recursive_keypairs(d, separator=':'):
    """Generator that produces sequence of keypairs for nested dictionaries."""
    for name, value in sorted(six.iteritems(d)):
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            for subname, subvalue in recursive_keypairs(value, separator):
                yield ('%s%s%s' % (name, separator, subname), subvalue)
        elif isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
            yield name, decode_unicode(value)
        else:
            yield name, value


def restore_nesting(d, separator=':'):
    """Unwinds a flattened dict to restore nesting."""
    d = copy.copy(d) if any([separator in k for k in d.keys()]) else d
    for k, v in d.copy().items():
        if separator in k:
            top, rem = k.split(separator, 1)
            nest = d[top] if isinstance(d.get(top), dict) else {}
            nest[rem] = v
            d[top] = restore_nesting(nest, separator)
            del d[k]
    return d


def dt_to_decimal(utc):
    """Datetime to Decimal.

    Some databases don't store microseconds in datetime
    so we always store as Decimal unixtime.
    """
    if utc is None:
        return None

    decimal.getcontext().prec = 30
    return (decimal.Decimal(str(calendar.timegm(utc.utctimetuple()))) +
            (decimal.Decimal(str(utc.microsecond)) /
            decimal.Decimal("1000000.0")))


def decimal_to_dt(dec):
    """Return a datetime from Decimal unixtime format."""
    if dec is None:
        return None

    integer = int(dec)
    micro = (dec - decimal.Decimal(integer)) * decimal.Decimal(units.M)
    daittyme = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(integer)
    return daittyme.replace(microsecond=int(round(micro)))


def sanitize_timestamp(timestamp):
    """Return a naive utc datetime object."""
    if not timestamp:
        return timestamp
    if not isinstance(timestamp, datetime.datetime):
        timestamp = timeutils.parse_isotime(timestamp)
    return timeutils.normalize_time(timestamp)


def stringify_timestamps(data):
    """Stringify any datetimes in given dict."""
    isa_timestamp = lambda v: isinstance(v, datetime.datetime)
    return dict((k, v.isoformat() if isa_timestamp(v) else v)
                for (k, v) in six.iteritems(data))


def dict_to_keyval(value, key_base=None):
    """Expand a given dict to its corresponding key-value pairs.

    Generated keys are fully qualified, delimited using dot notation.
    ie. key = 'key.child_key.grandchild_key[0]'
    """
    val_iter, key_func = None, None
    if isinstance(value, dict):
        val_iter = six.iteritems(value)
        key_func = lambda k: key_base + '.' + k if key_base else k
    elif isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
        val_iter = enumerate(value)
        key_func = lambda k: key_base + '[%d]' % k

    if val_iter:
        for k, v in val_iter:
            key_gen = key_func(k)
            if isinstance(v, dict) or isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
                for key_gen, v in dict_to_keyval(v, key_gen):
                    yield key_gen, v
            else:
                yield key_gen, v


def lowercase_keys(mapping):
    """Converts the values of the keys in mapping to lowercase."""
    items = mapping.items()
    for key, value in items:
        del mapping[key]
        mapping[key.lower()] = value


def lowercase_values(mapping):
    """Converts the values in the mapping dict to lowercase."""
    items = mapping.items()
    for key, value in items:
        mapping[key] = value.lower()


def update_nested(original_dict, updates):
    """Updates the leaf nodes in a nest dict.

     Updates occur without replacing entire sub-dicts.
    """
    dict_to_update = copy.deepcopy(original_dict)
    for key, value in six.iteritems(updates):
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            sub_dict = update_nested(dict_to_update.get(key, {}), value)
            dict_to_update[key] = sub_dict
        else:
            dict_to_update[key] = updates[key]
    return dict_to_update


def cpu_count():
    try:
        return multiprocessing.cpu_count() or 1
    except NotImplementedError:
        return 1


def uniq(dupes, attrs):
    """Exclude elements of dupes with a duplicated set of attribute values."""
    key = lambda d: '/'.join([getattr(d, a) or '' for a in attrs])
    keys = []
    deduped = []
    for d in dupes:
        if key(d) not in keys:
            deduped.append(d)
            keys.append(key(d))
    return deduped


def hash_of_set(s):
    return str(hash(frozenset(s)))


class HashRing(object):

    def __init__(self, nodes, replicas=100):
        self._ring = dict()
        self._sorted_keys = []

        for node in nodes:
            for r in six.moves.range(replicas):
                hashed_key = self._hash('%s-%s' % (node, r))
                self._ring[hashed_key] = node
                self._sorted_keys.append(hashed_key)
        self._sorted_keys.sort()

    @staticmethod
    def _hash(key):
        return struct.unpack_from('>I',
                                  hashlib.md5(str(key).encode()).digest())[0]

    def _get_position_on_ring(self, key):
        hashed_key = self._hash(key)
        position = bisect.bisect(self._sorted_keys, hashed_key)
        return position if position < len(self._sorted_keys) else 0

    def get_node(self, key):
        if not self._ring:
            return None
        pos = self._get_position_on_ring(key)
        return self._ring[self._sorted_keys[pos]]