Bare Metal Deployment of Kolla
==============================

Evaluation and Developer Environments
-------------------------------------

Two virtualized evaluation and development environment options are
available. These options permit the evaluation of Kolla without
disrupting the host operating system.

If developing or evaluating Kolla on an OpenStack cloud environment that
supports Heat, follow the :doc:`Heat evaluation and developer environment
guide <heat-dev-env>`.

If developing or evaluating Kolla on a system that provides VirtualBox or
Libvirt in addition to Vagrant, use the Vagrant virtual environment documented
in :doc:`Vagrant evaluation and
developer environment guide <vagrant-dev-env>`.

If evaluating or deploying OpenStack on bare-metal with Kolla, follow the
instructions in this document to get started.

Host machine requirements
-------------------------

The recommended deployment target requirements:

- Two network interfaces.
- More than 8gb main memory.
- At least 40gb disk space.

.. NOTE:: Some commands below may require root permissions (e.g. pip, apt-get).

Installing Dependencies
-----------------------

Kolla is tested on CentOS, Oracle Linux, RHEL and Ubuntu as both container
OS platforms and bare metal deployment targets.

Fedora: Kolla will not run on Fedora 22 and later as a bare metal deployment
target. These distributions compress kernel modules with the .xz compressed
format. The guestfs system in the CentOS family of containers cannot read
these images because a dependent package supermin in CentOS needs to be
updated to add .xz compressed format support.

Ubuntu: For Ubuntu based systems where Docker is used it is recommended to use
the latest available lts kernel. The latest lts kernel available is the wily
kernel (version 4.2). While all kernels should work for Docker, some older
kernels may have issues with some of the different Docker backends such as AUFS
and OverlayFS. In order to update kernel in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to 4.2, run:

::

    apt-get install linux-image-generic-lts-wily

.. NOTE:: Install is *very* sensitive about version of components.  Please
  review carefully because default Operating System repos are likely out of
  date.

=====================   ===========  ===========  =========================
Component               Min Version  Max Version  Comment
=====================   ===========  ===========  =========================
Ansible                 1.9.4        < 2.0.0      On deployment host
Docker                  1.10.0       none         On target nodes
Docker Python           1.6.0        none         On target nodes
Python Jinja2           2.6.0        none         On deployment host
=====================   ===========  ===========  =========================

Make sure "pip" package manager is installed before procceed:

::

    # Centos 7
    easy_install pip

    # Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
    apt-get install python-pip

To install Kolla tools and Python dependencies use:

::

    git clone https://git.openstack.org/openstack/kolla
    pip install kolla/

Copy Kolla configuration to /etc:

::

    cp -r kolla/etc/kolla /etc/

Since Docker is required to build images as well as be present on all deployed
targets, the Kolla community recommends installing the Docker Inc. packaged
version of Docker for maximum stability and compatibility with the following
command:

::

    curl -sSL https://get.docker.io | bash

This command will install the most recent stable version of Docker, but please
note what Kolla releases are not in sync with docker in any way, so some things
could stop working with new version. Kolla release 1.0.0-liberty tested to
work with docker 1.8.2, to check you docker version run this command:

::

    docker --version

Docker 1.8.3 and later are incompatible with Kolla Liberty. Versions greater
than 1.8.2 are functional with master branch (Mitaka). If the version installed
is 1.8.3 or later and you are running Liberty, downgrade using these commands:

::

    # Centos 7
    yum downgrade docker-engine-1.8.2
    systemctl restart docker.service

    # Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
    apt-get install docker-engine=1.8.2-0~trusty

When running with systemd you must setup docker-engine with the appropriate
information in the Docker daemon to launch with. This means setting up the
following information in the docker.service file. If you do not set the
MountFlags option correctly then Kolla-Ansible will fail to deploy on
neutron-dhcp-agent container. After changing the service file you must reload
and restart the docker service:

::

    # /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
    [Service]
    MountFlags=shared

    # Run these commands to reload the daemon
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl restart docker

For Ubuntu 14.04 which uses upstart instead of systemd, run the following:

::

    mount --make-shared /run

On the system where the OpenStack CLI/Python code is run, the Kolla community
recommends installing the OpenStack python clients if they are not installed.
This could be a completely different machine then the deployment host or
deployment targets. Before installing the OpenStack python client, the
following requirements are needed to build the client code:

::

   # Ubuntu
   apt-get install -y python-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev gcc

   # Centos 7
   yum install -y python-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel gcc

To install these clients use:

::

    pip install -U python-openstackclient

OpenStack, RabbitMQ, and Ceph require all hosts to have matching times to ensure
proper message delivery. In the case of Ceph, it will complain if the hosts
differ by more than 0.05 seconds. Some OpenStack services have timers as low as
2 seconds by default. For these reasons it is highly recommended to setup an NTP
service of some kind. While `ntpd` will achieve more accurate time for the
deployment if the NTP servers are running in the local deployment environment,
`chrony <http://chrony.tuxfamily.org>`_ is more accurate when syncing the time
across a WAN connection. When running Ceph it is recommended to setup `ntpd` to
sync time locally due to the tight time constraints.

To install, start, and enable ntp on CentOS execute the following:

::

    # Centos 7
    yum -y install ntp
    systemctl enable ntpd.service
    systemctl start ntpd.service

To install and start on Debian based systems execute the following:

::

    apt-get install ntp

Libvirt is started by default on many operating systems. Please disable libvirt
on any machines that will be deployment targets. Only one copy of libvirt may
be running at a time.

::

    # Centos 7
    systemctl stop libvirtd.service
    systemctl disable libvirtd.service

    # Ubuntu
    service libvirt-bin stop
    update-rc.d libvirt-bin disable

Kolla deploys OpenStack using
`Ansible <http://www.ansible.com>`__. Install Ansible from distribution
packaging if the distro packaging has recommended version available.

Some implemented distro versions of Ansible are too old to use distro
packaging.  Currently, CentOS and RHEL package Ansible 1.9.4 which is 
suitable for use with Kolla. 

On CentOS or RHEL systems, this can be done using:

::

    yum -y install ansible

Many DEB based systems do not meet Kolla's Ansible version requirements.
It is recommended to use pip to install Ansible 1.9.4.

Some ansible dependencies, like pycrypto, may need gcc installed on the build
system. Install it using system packaging tools if it's not installed already:

::

    # Centos 7
    yum -y install gcc

    # Ubuntu
    apt-get install gcc

Finally Ansible 1.9.4 may be installed using:

::

    pip install -U ansible==1.9.4

If DEB based systems include a version of Ansible that meets Kolla's
version requirements it can be installed by:

::

    apt-get install ansible


Deploy a registry (required for multinode)
------------------------------------------

A Docker registry is a locally hosted registry that replaces the need
to pull from the Docker Hub to get images. Kolla can function with
or without a local registry, however for a multinode deployment a registry
is required.

The Docker registry prior to version 2.3 has extremely bad performance
because all container data is pushed for every image rather than taking
advantage of Docker layering to optimize push operations.  For more
information reference
`pokey registry <https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/14018>`__.

The Kolla community recommends using registry 2.3 or later. To deploy
registry 2.3 do the following: 

::

    docker run -d -p 4000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry:2

Note: Kolla looks for the Docker registry to use port 4000. (Docker default
is port 5000)

After enabling the registry, it is necessary to instruct Docker that it will
be communicating with an insecure registry.  To enable insecure registry
communication on CentOS, modify the "/etc/sysconfig/docker" file to contain
the following where 192.168.1.100 is the IP address of the machine where the
registry is currently running:

::

    other_args="--insecure-registry 192.168.1.100:4000"

Docker Inc's packaged version of docker-engine for CentOS is defective and
does not read the other_args configuration options from
"/etc/sysconfig/docker".  To rectify this problem, set the contents of
"/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service" to:

::

    [Unit]
    Description=Docker Application Container Engine
    Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
    After=network.target docker.socket
    Requires=docker.socket

    [Service]
    EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/docker
    Type=notify
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// $other_args
    MountFlags=slave
    LimitNOFILE=1048576
    LimitNPROC=1048576
    LimitCORE=infinity

    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

And restart docker by executing the following commands:

::

    # Centos
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl stop docker
    systemctl start docker

Building Container Images
-------------------------

The Kolla community does not currently generate new images for each commit
to the repository. The push time for a full image build to the docker registry
is about 5 hours on 100mbit Internet, so there are technical limitations to
using the Docker Hub registry with the current OpenStack CI/CD systems.

The Kolla community builds and pushes tested images for each tagged release of
Kolla, but if running from master, it is recommended to build images locally.

Before running the below instructions, ensure the docker daemon is running
or the build process will fail. To build images using default parameters run:

::

    kolla-build

By default kolla-build will build all containers using Centos as the base
image and binary installation as base installation method. To change this
behavior, please use the following parameters with kolla-build:

::

--base [ubuntu|centos|fedora|oraclelinux]
--type [binary|source]

If pushing to a local registry (recommended) use the flags:

::

    kolla-build --registry registry_ip_address:registry_ip_port --push

Note --base and --type can be added to the above kolla-build command if
different distributions or types are desired.

A docker build of all containers on Xeon hardware with NVME SSDs and
100mbit network takes roughly 30 minutes to a v1 Docker registry.  The CentOS
mirrors are flakey and the RDO delorean repository is not mirrored at all.  As
a result occasionally some containers fail to build. To rectify build
problems, the build tool will automatically attempt three retries of a build
operation if the first one fails.

It is also possible to build individual containers. As an example, if the
glance containers failed to build, all glance related containers can be
rebuilt as follows:

::

    kolla-build glance

In order to see all available parameters, run:

::

    kolla-build -h

Deploying Kolla
---------------

The Kolla community provides two example methods of Kolla
deploy: *all-in-one* and *multinode*. The "all-in-one" deploy is similar
to `devstack <http://docs.openstack.org/developer/devstack/>`__ deploy which
installs all OpenStack services on a single host. In the "multinode" deploy,
OpenStack services can be run on specific hosts. This documentation only
describes deploying *all-in-one* method as most simple one.

Each method is represented as an Ansible inventory file. More information on
the Ansible inventory file can be found in the Ansible `inventory introduction
<https://docs.ansible.com/intro_inventory.html>`__.

All variables for the environment can be specified in the files:
"/etc/kolla/globals.yml" and "/etc/kolla/passwords.yml"

Start by editing /etc/kolla/globals.yml. Check and edit, if needed, these
parameters: kolla_base_distro, kolla_install_type.

The kolla\_\*\_address variables can both be the same. Please specify
an unused IP address in the network to act as a VIP for
kolla\_internal\_address. The VIP will be used with keepalived and
added to the "api\_interface" as specified in the globals.yml

::

    kolla_external_address: "openstack.example.com"
    kolla_internal_address: "10.10.10.254"

If the environment doesn't have a free IP address available for VIP
configuration, the host's IP address may be used here by disabling HAProxy by
adding:

::

    enable_haproxy: "no"

Note this method is not recommended and generally not tested by the
Kolla community, but included since sometimes a free IP is not available
in a testing environment.

The "network\_interface" variable is the interface to which Kolla binds API
services. For example, when starting up Mariadb it will bind to the
IP on the interface list in the "network\_interface" variable.

::

    network_interface: "eth0"

The "neutron\_external\_interface" variable is the interface that will
be used for the external bridge in Neutron. Without this bridge the deployment
instance traffic will be unable to access the rest of the Internet. In
the case of a single interface on a machine, a veth pair may be used where
one end of the veth pair is listed here and the other end is in a bridge on
the system.

::

    neutron_external_interface: "eth1"

If using a local docker registry, set the docker\_registry information where
the local registry is operating on IP address 192.168.1.100 and the port 4000.

::

    docker_registry: "192.168.1.100:4000"

For "all-in-one" deploys, the following commands can be run. These will
setup all of the containers on the localhost. These commands will be
wrapped in the kolla-script in the future.  Note even for all-in-one installs
it is possible to use the docker registry for deployment, although not
strictly required.

::

    kolla-ansible deploy

In order to see all available parameters, run:

::

    kolla-ansible -h

A bare metal system with Ceph takes 18 minutes to deploy. A virtual machine
deployment takes 25 minutes. These are estimates; different hardware may be
faster or slower but should be near these results.

After successful deployment of OpenStack, the Horizon dashboard will be
available by entering IP addr or hostname from "kolla_external_address",
or kolla_internal_address in case then kolla_external_address uses
kolla_internal_address.

Useful tools
-------------
After successful deployment of OpenStack, run the following command can create
an openrc file \/etc\/kolla\/admin-openrc.sh on the deploy node. Or view
tools/openrc-example for an example of an openrc that may be used with the
environment.

::

    kolla-ansible post-deploy

After the openrc file is created, use the following command to initialize an
environment with a glance image and neutron networks:

::

    source /etc/kolla/admin-openrc.sh
    kolla/tools/init-runonce

Debugging Kolla
---------------

The container's status can be determined on the deployment targets by
executing:

::

    docker ps -a

If any of the containers exited, this indicates a bug in the container. Please
seek help by filing a bug or contacting the developers via IRC.

The logs can be examined by executing:

::

    docker exec -it rsyslog bash

The logs from all services in all containers may be read from
/var/log/SERVICE_NAME

If the stdout logs are needed, please run:

::

    docker logs <container-name>

Note that some of the containers don't log to stdout at present so the above
command will provide no information.

To learn more about Docker command line operation please refer to `Docker
documentation <https://docs.docker.com/reference/commandline/cli/>`__.