rally-openstack/tests/unit/fakes.py

# Copyright 2013: Mirantis Inc.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import itertools
import multiprocessing
import random
import re
import string
import uuid

from ceilometerclient import exc as ceilometer_exc
from glanceclient import exc
import mock
from neutronclient.common import exceptions as neutron_exceptions
from novaclient import exceptions as nova_exceptions
import six
from swiftclient import exceptions as swift_exceptions

from rally import api
from rally.common import utils as rally_utils
from rally import consts
from rally.task import context
from rally.task import scenario


def generate_uuid():
    return str(uuid.uuid4())


def generate_name(prefix="", length=12, choices=string.ascii_lowercase):
    """Generate pseudo-random name.

    :param prefix: str, custom prefix for genertated name
    :param length: int, length of autogenerated part of result name
    :param choices: str, chars that accurs in generated name
    :returns: str, pseudo-random name
    """
    return prefix + "".join(random.choice(choices) for i in range(length))


def generate_mac():
    """Generate pseudo-random MAC address.

    :returns: str, MAC address
    """
    rand_str = generate_name(choices="0123456789abcdef", length=12)
    return ":".join(re.findall("..", rand_str))


def setup_dict(data, required=None, defaults=None):
    """Setup and validate dict scenario_base. on mandatory keys and default data.

    This function reduces code that constructs dict objects
    with specific schema (e.g. for API data).

    :param data: dict, input data
    :param required: list, mandatory keys to check
    :param defaults: dict, default data
    :returns: dict, with all keys set
    :raises IndexError, ValueError: If input data is incorrect
    """
    required = required or []
    for i in set(required) - set(data):
        raise IndexError("Missed: %s" % i)

    defaults = defaults or {}
    for i in set(data) - set(required) - set(defaults):
        raise ValueError("Unexpected: %s" % i)

    defaults.update(data)
    return defaults


def fake_credential(**config):
    m = mock.Mock()
    m.to_dict.return_value = config
    for key, value in config.items():
        setattr(m, key, value)
    return m


class FakeResource(object):

    def __init__(self, manager=None, name=None, status="ACTIVE", items=None,
                 deployment_uuid=None, id=None):
        self.name = name or generate_uuid()
        self.status = status
        self.manager = manager
        self.uuid = generate_uuid()
        self.id = id or self.uuid
        self.items = items or {}
        self.deployment_uuid = deployment_uuid or generate_uuid()

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        # NOTE(msdubov): e.g. server.delete() -> manager.delete(server)
        def manager_func(*args, **kwargs):
            return getattr(self.manager, name)(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return manager_func

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.items[key]


class FakeServer(FakeResource):
    def suspend(self):
        self.status = "SUSPENDED"

    def lock(self):
        setattr(self, "OS-EXT-STS:locked", True)

    def unlock(self):
        setattr(self, "OS-EXT-STS:locked", False)


class FakeImage(FakeResource):

    def __init__(self, manager=None, id="image-id-0", min_ram=0,
                 size=0, min_disk=0, status="active", name=None):
        super(FakeImage, self).__init__(manager, id=id, name=name)
        self.min_ram = min_ram
        self.size = size
        self.min_disk = min_disk
        self.status = status
        self.update = mock.MagicMock()


class FakeStrategy(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeGoal(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeMurano(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeFloatingIP(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeFloatingIPPool(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeTenant(FakeResource):

    def __init__(self, manager, name):
        super(FakeTenant, self).__init__(manager, name=name)


class FakeUser(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeService(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeNetwork(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeFlavor(FakeResource):

    def __init__(self, id="flavor-id-0", manager=None, ram=0, disk=0, vcpus=1,
                 name="flavor-name-0"):
        super(FakeFlavor, self).__init__(manager, id=id)
        self.ram = ram
        self.disk = disk
        self.vcpus = vcpus
        self.name = name


class FakeKeypair(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeStack(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeDomain(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeQuotas(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeSecurityGroup(FakeResource):

    def __init__(self, manager=None, rule_manager=None, id=None, name=None):
        super(FakeSecurityGroup, self).__init__(manager, id=id, name=name)
        self.rule_manager = rule_manager

    @property
    def rules(self):
        return [rule for rule in self.rule_manager.list()
                if rule.parent_group_id == self.id]


class FakeSecurityGroupRule(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        super(FakeSecurityGroupRule, self).__init__(name)
        if "cidr" in kwargs:
            kwargs["ip_range"] = {"cidr": kwargs["cidr"]}
            del kwargs["cidr"]
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            self.items[key] = value
            setattr(self, key, value)


class FakeMetric(FakeResource):
    def __init_(self, manager=None, **kwargs):
        super(FakeMetric, self).__init__(manager)
        self.metric = kwargs.get("metric_name")
        self.optional_args = kwargs.get("optional_args", {})


class FakeAlarm(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None, **kwargs):
        super(FakeAlarm, self).__init__(manager)
        self.meter_name = kwargs.get("meter_name")
        self.threshold = kwargs.get("threshold")
        self.state = kwargs.get("state", "fake-alarm-state")
        self.alarm_id = kwargs.get("alarm_id", "fake-alarm-id")
        self.state = kwargs.get("state", "ok")
        self.optional_args = kwargs.get("optional_args", {})


class FakeSample(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None, **kwargs):
        super(FakeSample, self).__init__(manager)
        self.counter_name = kwargs.get("counter_name", "fake-counter-name")
        self.counter_type = kwargs.get("counter_type", "fake-counter-type")
        self.counter_unit = kwargs.get("counter_unit", "fake-counter-unit")
        self.counter_volume = kwargs.get("counter_volume", 100)

    @property
    def resource_id(self):
        return "fake-resource-id"

    def to_dict(self):
        return {"counter_name": self.counter_name,
                "counter_type": self.counter_type,
                "counter_unit": self.counter_unit,
                "counter_volume": self.counter_volume,
                "resource_id": self.resource_id}


class FakeVolume(FakeResource):
    @property
    def _info(self):
        return {"id": "uuid"}


class FakeVolumeType(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeVolumeTransfer(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeVolumeSnapshot(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeVolumeBackup(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeRole(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeQueue(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None, name="myqueue"):
        super(FakeQueue, self).__init__(manager, name)
        self.queue_name = name
        self.messages = FakeMessagesManager(name)

    def post(self, messages):
        for msg in messages:
            self.messages.create(**msg)

    def messages(self):
        return self.messages.list()


class FakeDbInstance(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeMessage(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None, **kwargs):
        super(FakeMessage, self).__init__(manager)
        self.body = kwargs.get("body", "fake-body")
        self.ttl = kwargs.get("ttl", 100)


class FakeAvailabilityZone(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None):
        super(FakeAvailabilityZone, self).__init__(manager)
        self.zoneName = mock.MagicMock()
        self.zoneState = mock.MagicMock()
        self.hosts = mock.MagicMock()


class FakeWorkbook(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None):
        super(FakeWorkbook, self).__init__(manager)
        self.workbook = mock.MagicMock()


class FakeWorkflow(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None):
        super(FakeWorkflow, self).__init__(manager)
        self.workflow = mock.MagicMock()


class FakeExecution(FakeResource):
    def __init__(self, manager=None):
        super(FakeExecution, self).__init__(manager)
        self.execution = mock.MagicMock()


class FakeObject(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeClusterTemplate(FakeResource):
    pass


class FakeManager(object):

    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeManager, self).__init__()
        self.cache = {}
        self.resources_order = []

    def get(self, resource_uuid):
        return self.cache.get(resource_uuid)

    def delete(self, resource_uuid):
        cached = self.get(resource_uuid)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETED"
            del self.cache[resource_uuid]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource_uuid)

    def _cache(self, resource):
        self.resources_order.append(resource.uuid)
        self.cache[resource.uuid] = resource
        return resource

    def list(self, **kwargs):
        return [self.cache[key] for key in self.resources_order]

    def find(self, **kwargs):
        for resource in self.cache.values():
            match = True
            for key, value in kwargs.items():
                if getattr(resource, key, None) != value:
                    match = False
                    break
            if match:
                return resource


class FakeServerManager(FakeManager):

    def __init__(self, image_mgr=None):
        super(FakeServerManager, self).__init__()
        self.images = image_mgr or FakeImageManager()

    def get(self, resource_uuid):
        server = self.cache.get(resource_uuid)
        if server is not None:
            return server
        raise nova_exceptions.NotFound("Server %s not found" % (resource_uuid))

    def _create(self, server_class=FakeServer, name=None):
        server = self._cache(server_class(self))
        if name is not None:
            server.name = name
        return server

    def create(self, name, image_id, flavor_id, **kwargs):
        return self._create(name=name)

    def create_image(self, server, name):
        image = self.images._create()
        return image.uuid

    def add_floating_ip(self, server, fip):
        pass

    def remove_floating_ip(self, server, fip):
        pass

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETED"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeImageManager(FakeManager):

    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeImageManager, self).__init__()

    def get(self, resource_uuid):
        image = self.cache.get(resource_uuid)
        if image is not None:
            return image
        raise exc.HTTPNotFound("Image %s not found" % (resource_uuid))

    def _create(self, image_class=FakeImage, name=None, id=None):
        image = self._cache(image_class(self))
        image.owner = "dummy"
        image.id = image.uuid
        if name is not None:
            image.name = name
        return image

    def create(self, name, copy_from, container_format, disk_format):
        return self._create(name=name)

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETED"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeStrategyManager(FakeManager):
    def get(self, resource_name):
        for key in self.resources_order:
            if self.cache[key].name == resource_name:
                return self.cache[key]


class FakeGoalManager(FakeManager):
    def get(self, resource_name):
        for key in self.resources_order:
            if self.cache[key].name == resource_name:
                return self.cache[key]


class FakePackageManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, package_descr, package_arch, package_class=FakeMurano):
        package = self._cache(package_class(self))
        package.name = list(package_arch.keys())[0]
        return package


class FakeFloatingIPsManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self):
        return FakeFloatingIP(self)


class FakeFloatingIPPoolsManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self):
        return FakeFloatingIPPool(self)


class FakeTenantsManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, name):
        return self._cache(FakeTenant(self, name))

    def update(self, tenant_id, name=None, description=None):
        tenant = self.get(tenant_id)
        name = name or (tenant.name + "_updated")
        desc = description or (tenant.name + "_description_updated")
        tenant.name = name
        tenant.description = desc
        return self._cache(tenant)


class FakeNetworkManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, net_id):
        net = FakeNetwork(self)
        net.id = net_id
        return self._cache(net)


class FakeFlavorManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self):
        flv = FakeFlavor(self)
        return self._cache(flv)


class FakeKeypairManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, name, public_key=None):
        kp = FakeKeypair(self)
        kp.name = name or kp.name
        return self._cache(kp)

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETED"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeClusterTemplateManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, name):
        cluster_template = FakeClusterTemplate(self)
        cluster_template.name = name or cluster_template.name
        return self._cache(cluster_template)

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeStackManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, name):
        stack = FakeStack(self)
        stack.name = name or stack.name
        return self._cache(stack)

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETE_COMPLETE"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeDomainManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, name):
        domain = FakeDomain(self)
        domain.name = name or domain.name
        return self._cache(domain)

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETE_COMPLETE"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeNovaQuotasManager(FakeManager):

    def update(self, tenant_id, **kwargs):
        fq = FakeQuotas(self)
        return self._cache(fq)

    def delete(self, tenant_id):
        pass


class FakeCinderQuotasManager(FakeManager):

    def update(self, tenant_id, **kwargs):
        fq = FakeQuotas(self)
        return self._cache(fq)

    def delete(self, tenant_id):
        pass


class FakeSecurityGroupManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self, rule_manager=None):
        super(FakeSecurityGroupManager, self).__init__()
        self.rule_manager = rule_manager
        self.create("default")

    def create(self, name, description=""):
        sg = FakeSecurityGroup(
            manager=self,
            rule_manager=self.rule_manager)
        sg.name = name or sg.name
        sg.description = description
        return self._cache(sg)

    def to_dict(self, obj):
        return {"id": obj.id, "name": obj.name}

    def find(self, name, **kwargs):
        kwargs["name"] = name
        for resource in self.cache.values():
            match = True
            for key, value in kwargs.items():
                if getattr(resource, key, None) != value:
                    match = False
                    break
            if match:
                return resource
        raise nova_exceptions.NotFound("Security Group not found")

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETED"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeSecurityGroupRuleManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeSecurityGroupRuleManager, self).__init__()

    def create(self, parent_group_id, **kwargs):
        kwargs["parent_group_id"] = parent_group_id
        sgr = FakeSecurityGroupRule(self, **kwargs)
        return self._cache(sgr)


class FakeUsersManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, username, password, email, tenant_id):
        user = FakeUser(manager=self, name=username)
        user.name = username or user.name
        return self._cache(user)


class FakeServicesManager(FakeManager):

    def list(self):
        return []


class FakeVolumeManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeVolumeManager, self).__init__()
        self.__volumes = {}
        self.__tenant_id = generate_uuid()

    def create(self, size=None, **kwargs):
        volume = FakeVolume(self)
        volume.size = size or 1
        volume.name = kwargs.get("display_name", volume.name)
        volume.status = "available"
        volume.tenant_id = self.__tenant_id
        self.__volumes[volume.id] = volume
        return self._cache(volume)

    def list(self):
        return self.__volumes.values()

    def delete(self, resource):
        super(FakeVolumeManager, self).delete(resource.id)
        del self.__volumes[resource.id]


class FakeVolumeTypeManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, name):
        vol_type = FakeVolumeType(self)
        vol_type.name = name or vol_type.name
        return self._cache(vol_type)


class FakeVolumeTransferManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeVolumeTransferManager, self).__init__()
        self.__volume_transfers = {}

    def list(self):
        return self.__volume_transfers.values()

    def create(self, name):
        transfer = FakeVolumeTransfer(self)
        transfer.name = name or transfer.name
        self.__volume_transfers[transfer.id] = transfer
        return self._cache(transfer)

    def delete(self, resource):
        super(FakeVolumeTransferManager, self).delete(resource.id)
        del self.__volume_transfers[resource.id]


class FakeVolumeSnapshotManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeVolumeSnapshotManager, self).__init__()
        self.__snapshots = {}
        self.__tenant_id = generate_uuid()

    def create(self, name, force=False, display_name=None):
        snapshot = FakeVolumeSnapshot(self)
        snapshot.name = name or snapshot.name
        snapshot.status = "available"
        snapshot.tenant_id = self.__tenant_id
        self.__snapshots[snapshot.id] = snapshot
        return self._cache(snapshot)

    def list(self):
        return self.__snapshots.values()

    def delete(self, resource):
        super(FakeVolumeSnapshotManager, self).delete(resource.id)
        del self.__snapshots[resource.id]


class FakeVolumeBackupManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeVolumeBackupManager, self).__init__()
        self.__backups = {}
        self.__tenant_id = generate_uuid()

    def create(self, name):
        backup = FakeVolumeBackup(self)
        backup.name = name or backup.name
        self.__backups[backup.id] = backup
        return self._cache(backup)

    def list(self):
        return self.__backups.values()

    def delete(self, resource):
        super(FakeVolumeBackupManager, self).delete(resource.id)
        del self.__backups[resource.id]


class FakeRolesManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, role_id, name):
        role = FakeRole(self)
        role.name = name
        role.id = role_id
        return self._cache(role)

    def roles_for_user(self, user, tenant):
        role = FakeRole(self)
        role.name = "admin"
        return [role, ]

    def add_user_role(self, user, role, tenant):
        pass


class FakeMetricManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, **kwargs):
        metric = FakeMetric(self, **kwargs)
        return self._cache(metric)

    def get(self, metric_id):
        metric = self.find(metric_id=metric_id)
        return [metric]


class FakeAlarmManager(FakeManager):

    def get(self, alarm_id):
        alarm = self.find(alarm_id=alarm_id)
        if alarm:
            return [alarm]
        raise ceilometer_exc.HTTPNotFound(
            "Alarm with %s not found" % (alarm_id))

    def update(self, alarm_id, **fake_alarm_dict_diff):
        alarm = self.get(alarm_id)[0]
        for attr, value in fake_alarm_dict_diff.items():
            setattr(alarm, attr, value)
        return alarm

    def create(self, **kwargs):
        alarm = FakeAlarm(self, **kwargs)
        return self._cache(alarm)

    def delete(self, alarm_id):
        alarm = self.find(alarm_id=alarm_id)
        if alarm is not None:
            alarm.status = "DELETED"
            del self.cache[alarm.id]
            self.resources_order.remove(alarm.id)

    def get_state(self, alarm_id):
        alarm = self.find(alarm_id=alarm_id)
        if alarm is not None:
            return getattr(alarm, "state", "fake-alarm-state")

    def get_history(self, alarm_id):
        return ["fake-alarm-history"]

    def set_state(self, alarm_id, state):
        alarm = self.find(alarm_id=alarm_id)
        if alarm is not None:
            return setattr(alarm, "state", state)


class FakeSampleManager(FakeManager):

    def create(self, **kwargs):
        sample = FakeSample(self, **kwargs)
        return [self._cache(sample)]

    def list(self):
        return ["fake-samples"]


class FakeMeterManager(FakeManager):

    def list(self):
        return ["fake-meter"]


class FakeMetricsManager(FakeManager):

    def list(self):
        return ["fake-metric"]


class FakeCeilometerResourceManager(FakeManager):

    def get(self, resource_id):
        return ["fake-resource-info"]

    def list(self):
        return ["fake-resource"]


class FakeStatisticsManager(FakeManager):

    def list(self, meter):
        return ["%s-statistics" % meter]


class FakeQueryManager(FakeManager):

    def query(self, filter, orderby, limit):
        return ["fake-query-result"]


class FakeQueuesManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeQueuesManager, self).__init__()
        self.__queues = {}

    def create(self, name):
        queue = FakeQueue(self, name)
        self.__queues[queue.name] = queue
        return self._cache(queue)

    def list(self):
        return self.__queues.values()

    def delete(self, queue):
        super(FakeQueuesManager, self).delete(queue.name)
        del self.__queues[queue.name]


class FakeDbInstanceManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeDbInstanceManager, self).__init__()
        self.__db_instances = {}

    def create(self, name, flavor_id, size):
        instance = FakeDbInstance(self)
        instance.name = name or instance.name
        instance.flavor_id = flavor_id
        instance.size = size
        return self._cache(instance)

    def list(self):
        return self.__db_instances.values()

    def delete(self, resource):
        if not isinstance(resource, six.string_types):
            resource = resource.id

        cached = self.get(resource)
        if cached is not None:
            cached.status = "DELETE_COMPLETE"
            del self.cache[resource]
            self.resources_order.remove(resource)


class FakeMessagesManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self, queue="myqueue"):
        super(FakeMessagesManager, self).__init__()
        self.__queue = queue
        self.__messages = {}

    def create(self, **kwargs):
        message = FakeMessage(self, **kwargs)
        self.__messages[message.id] = message
        return self._cache(message)

    def list(self):
        return self.__messages.values()

    def delete(self, message):
        super(FakeMessagesManager, self).delete(message.id)
        del self.__messages[message.id]


class FakeAvailabilityZonesManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeAvailabilityZonesManager, self).__init__()
        self.zones = FakeAvailabilityZone()

    def list(self):
        return [self.zones]


class FakeWorkbookManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeWorkbookManager, self).__init__()
        self.workbook = FakeWorkbook()

    def list(self):
        return [self.workbook]


class FakeWorkflowManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeWorkflowManager, self).__init__()
        self.workflow = FakeWorkflow()

    def list(self):
        return [self.workflow]


class FakeExecutionManager(FakeManager):
    def __init__(self):
        super(FakeExecutionManager, self).__init__()
        self.execution = FakeExecution()

    def list(self):
        return [self.execution]

    def create(self):
        return self.execution


class FakeObjectManager(FakeManager):

    def get_account(self, **kwargs):
        containers = self.list()
        return (mock.MagicMock(), [{"name": con.name} for con in containers])

    def get_container(self, name, **kwargs):
        container = self.find(name=name)
        if container is None:
            raise swift_exceptions.ClientException("Container GET failed")
        return (mock.MagicMock(), [{"name": obj} for obj in container.items])

    def put_container(self, name, **kwargs):
        if self.find(name=name):
            raise swift_exceptions.ClientException("Container PUT failed")
        self._cache(FakeObject(name=name))

    def delete_container(self, name, **kwargs):
        container = self.find(name=name)
        if container is None or len(container.items.keys()) > 0:
            raise swift_exceptions.ClientException("Container DELETE failed")
        self.delete(container.uuid)

    def get_object(self, container_name, object_name, **kwargs):
        container = self.find(name=container_name)
        if container is None or object_name not in container.items:
            raise swift_exceptions.ClientException("Object GET failed")
        return (mock.MagicMock(), container.items[object_name])

    def put_object(self, container_name, object_name, content, **kwargs):
        container = self.find(name=container_name)
        if container is None:
            raise swift_exceptions.ClientException("Object PUT failed")
        container.items[object_name] = content
        return mock.MagicMock()

    def delete_object(self, container_name, object_name, **kwargs):
        container = self.find(name=container_name)
        if container is None or object_name not in container.items:
            raise swift_exceptions.ClientException("Object DELETE failed")
        del container.items[object_name]


class FakeServiceCatalog(object):
    def get_credentials(self):
        return {"image": [{"publicURL": "http://fake.to"}],
                "metering": [{"publicURL": "http://fake.to"}],
                "monitoring": [{"publicURL": "http://fake.to"}]}

    def url_for(self, **kwargs):
        return "http://fake.to"


class FakeGlanceClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.images = FakeImageManager()


class FakeMuranoClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.packages = FakePackageManager()


class FakeCinderClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.volumes = FakeVolumeManager()
        self.volume_types = FakeVolumeTypeManager()
        self.transfers = FakeVolumeTransferManager()
        self.volume_snapshots = FakeVolumeSnapshotManager()
        self.backups = FakeVolumeBackupManager()
        self.quotas = FakeCinderQuotasManager()


class FakeNovaClient(object):

    def __init__(self, failed_server_manager=False):
        self.images = FakeImageManager()
        self.servers = FakeServerManager(self.images)
        self.floating_ips = FakeFloatingIPsManager()
        self.floating_ip_pools = FakeFloatingIPPoolsManager()
        self.networks = FakeNetworkManager()
        self.flavors = FakeFlavorManager()
        self.keypairs = FakeKeypairManager()
        self.security_group_rules = FakeSecurityGroupRuleManager()
        self.security_groups = FakeSecurityGroupManager(
            rule_manager=self.security_group_rules)
        self.quotas = FakeNovaQuotasManager()
        self.set_management_url = mock.MagicMock()
        self.availability_zones = FakeAvailabilityZonesManager()


class FakeHeatClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.stacks = FakeStackManager()


class FakeDesignateClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.domains = FakeDomainManager()


class FakeKeystoneClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.tenants = FakeTenantsManager()
        self.users = FakeUsersManager()
        self.roles = FakeRolesManager()
        self.project_id = "abc123"
        self.auth_url = "http://example.com:5000/v2.0/"
        self.auth_token = "fake"
        self.auth_user_id = generate_uuid()
        self.auth_tenant_id = generate_uuid()
        self.service_catalog = FakeServiceCatalog()
        self.services = FakeServicesManager()
        self.region_name = "RegionOne"
        self.auth_ref = mock.Mock()
        self.auth_ref.role_names = ["admin"]
        self.version = "v2.0"
        self.session = mock.MagicMock()
        self.authenticate = mock.MagicMock()

    def authenticate(self):
        return True

    def list_users(self):
        return self.users.list()

    def list_projects(self):
        return self.tenants.list()

    def list_services(self):
        return self.services.list()

    def list_roles(self):
        return self.roles.list()

    def delete_user(self, uuid):
        return self.users.delete(uuid)


class FakeCeilometerClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.alarms = FakeAlarmManager()
        self.meters = FakeMeterManager()
        self.resources = FakeCeilometerResourceManager()
        self.statistics = FakeStatisticsManager()
        self.samples = FakeSampleManager()
        self.query_alarms = FakeQueryManager()
        self.query_samples = FakeQueryManager()
        self.query_alarm_history = FakeQueryManager()


class FakeGnocchiClient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.metric = FakeMetricManager()


class FakeMonascaClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.metrics = FakeMetricsManager()


class FakeNeutronClient(object):

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__networks = {}
        self.__subnets = {}
        self.__routers = {}
        self.__ports = {}
        self.__pools = {}
        self.__vips = {}
        self.__fips = {}
        self.__healthmonitors = {}
        self.__tenant_id = kwargs.get("tenant_id", generate_uuid())

        self.format = "json"
        self.version = "2.0"

    @staticmethod
    def _filter(resource_list, search_opts):
        return [res for res in resource_list
                if all(res[field] == value
                       for field, value in search_opts.items())]

    def add_interface_router(self, router_id, data):
        subnet_id = data["subnet_id"]

        if (router_id not in self.__routers or
                subnet_id not in self.__subnets):
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException

        subnet = self.__subnets[subnet_id]

        port = self.create_port(
            {"port": {"network_id": subnet["network_id"]}})["port"]
        port["device_id"] = router_id
        port["fixed_ips"].append({"subnet_id": subnet_id,
                                  "ip_address": subnet["gateway_ip"]})

        return {"subnet_id": subnet_id,
                "tenant_id": port["tenant_id"],
                "port_id": port["id"],
                "id": router_id}

    def create_network(self, data):
        network = setup_dict(data["network"],
                             defaults={"name": generate_name("net_"),
                                       "admin_state_up": True})
        network_id = generate_uuid()
        network.update({"id": network_id,
                        "status": "ACTIVE",
                        "subnets": [],
                        "provider:physical_network": None,
                        "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id,
                        "provider:network_type": "local",
                        "router:external": True,
                        "shared": False,
                        "provider:segmentation_id": None})
        self.__networks[network_id] = network
        return {"network": network}

    def create_pool(self, data):
        pool = setup_dict(data["pool"],
                          required=["lb_method", "protocol", "subnet_id"],
                          defaults={"name": generate_name("pool_"),
                          "admin_state_up": True})
        if pool["subnet_id"] not in self.__subnets:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        pool_id = generate_uuid()

        pool.update({"id": pool_id,
                     "status": "PENDING_CREATE",
                     "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id})
        self.__pools[pool_id] = pool
        return {"pool": pool}

    def create_vip(self, data):
        vip = setup_dict(data["vip"],
                         required=["protocol_port", "protocol", "subnet_id",
                                   "pool_id"],
                         defaults={"name": generate_name("vip_"),
                                   "admin_state_up": True})
        if (vip["subnet_id"] not in self.__subnets) or (vip["pool_id"] not in
                                                        self.__pools):
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        vip_id = generate_uuid()

        vip.update({"id": vip_id,
                    "status": "PENDING_CREATE",
                    "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id})
        self.__vips[vip_id] = vip
        return {"vip": vip}

    def create_floatingip(self, data):
        fip = setup_dict(data["floatingip"],
                         required=["floating_network"],
                         defaults={"admin_state_up": True})
        if (fip["floating_network"] not in self.__nets):
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        fip_id = generate_uuid()

        fip.update({"id": fip_id,
                    "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id})
        self.__fips[fip_id] = fip
        return {"fip": fip}

    def create_health_monitor(self, data):
        healthmonitor = setup_dict(data["healthmonitor"],
                                   required=["type", "timeout", "delay",
                                             "max_retries"],
                                   defaults={"admin_state_up": True})
        healthmonitor_id = generate_uuid()

        healthmonitor.update({"id": healthmonitor_id,
                              "status": "PENDING_CREATE",
                              "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id})
        self.__healthmonitors[healthmonitor_id] = healthmonitor
        return {"healthmonitor": healthmonitor}

    def create_port(self, data):
        port = setup_dict(data["port"],
                          required=["network_id"],
                          defaults={"name": generate_name("port_"),
                                    "admin_state_up": True})
        if port["network_id"] not in self.__networks:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException

        port_id = generate_uuid()
        port.update({"id": port_id,
                     "status": "ACTIVE",
                     "binding:host_id": "fakehost",
                     "extra_dhcp_opts": [],
                     "binding:vnic_type": "normal",
                     "binding:vif_type": "ovs",
                     "device_owner": "",
                     "mac_address": generate_mac(),
                     "binding:profile": {},
                     "binding:vif_details": {u"port_filter": True},
                     "security_groups": [],
                     "fixed_ips": [],
                     "device_id": "",
                     "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id,
                     "allowed_address_pairs": []})
        self.__ports[port_id] = port
        return {"port": port}

    def create_router(self, data):
        router = setup_dict(data["router"],
                            defaults={"name": generate_name("router_"),
                                      "external_gateway_info": None,
                                      "admin_state_up": True})
        router_id = generate_uuid()
        router.update({"id": router_id,
                       "status": "ACTIVE",
                       "external_gateway_info": None,
                       "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id})
        self.__routers[router_id] = router
        return {"router": router}

    def create_subnet(self, data):
        subnet = setup_dict(
            data["subnet"],
            required=["network_id", "cidr", "ip_version"],
            defaults={"name": generate_name("subnet_"),
                      "dns_nameservers": ["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]})
        if subnet["network_id"] not in self.__networks:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException

        subnet_id = generate_uuid()
        subnet.update({"id": subnet_id,
                       "enable_dhcp": True,
                       "tenant_id": self.__tenant_id,
                       "ipv6_ra_mode": None,
                       "allocation_pools": [],
                       "gateway_ip": re.sub("./.*$", "1", subnet["cidr"]),
                       "ipv6_address_mode": None,
                       "ip_version": 4,
                       "host_routes": []})
        self.__subnets[subnet_id] = subnet
        return {"subnet": subnet}

    def update_resource(self, resource_id, resource_dict, data):
        if resource_id not in resource_dict:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        self.resource_list[resource_id].update(data)

    def update_network(self, network_id, data):
        self.update_resource(network_id, self.__networks, data)

    def update_pool(self, pool_id, data):
        self.update_resource(pool_id, self.__pools, data)

    def update_vip(self, vip_id, data):
        self.update_resource(vip_id, self.__vips, data)

    def update_health_monitor(self, healthmonitor_id, data):
        self.update_resource(healthmonitor_id, self.__healthmonitors, data)

    def update_subnet(self, subnet_id, data):
        self.update_resource(subnet_id, self.__subnets, data)

    def update_port(self, port_id, data):
        self.update_resource(port_id, self.__ports, data)

    def update_router(self, router_id, data):
        self.update_resource(router_id, self.__routers, data)

    def delete_network(self, network_id):
        if network_id not in self.__networks:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        for port in self.__ports.values():
            if port["network_id"] == network_id:
                # Network is in use by port
                raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__networks[network_id]
        return ""

    def delete_pool(self, pool_id):
        if pool_id not in self.__pools:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__pools[pool_id]
        return ""

    def delete_vip(self, vip_id):
        if vip_id not in self.__vips:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__vips[vip_id]

    def delete_health_monitor(self, healthmonitor_id):
        if healthmonitor_id not in self.__healthmonitors:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__healthmonitors[healthmonitor_id]
        return ""

    def delete_floatingip(self, fip_id):
        if fip_id not in self.__fips:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__fips[fip_id]
        return ""

    def delete_port(self, port_id):
        if port_id not in self.__ports:
            raise neutron_exceptions.PortNotFoundClient
        if self.__ports[port_id]["device_owner"]:
            # Port is owned by some device
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__ports[port_id]
        return ""

    def delete_router(self, router_id):
        if router_id not in self.__routers:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        for port in self.__ports.values():
            if port["device_id"] == router_id:
                # Router has active port
                raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__routers[router_id]
        return ""

    def delete_subnet(self, subnet_id):
        if subnet_id not in self.__subnets:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        for port in self.__ports.values():
            for fip in port["fixed_ips"]:
                if fip["subnet_id"] == subnet_id:
                    # Subnet has IP allocation from some port
                    raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__subnets[subnet_id]
        return ""

    def list_networks(self, **search_opts):
        nets = self._filter(self.__networks.values(), search_opts)
        return {"networks": nets}

    def list_pools(self, **search_opts):
        pools = self._filter(self.__pools.values(), search_opts)
        return {"pools": pools}

    def list_vips(self, **search_opts):
        vips = self._filter(self.__vips.values(), search_opts)
        return {"vips": vips}

    def list_health_monitors(self, **search_opts):
        healthmonitors = self._filter(
            self.__healthmonitors.values(), search_opts)
        return {"healthmonitors": healthmonitors}

    def list_ports(self, **search_opts):
        ports = self._filter(self.__ports.values(), search_opts)
        return {"ports": ports}

    def list_routers(self, **search_opts):
        routers = self._filter(self.__routers.values(), search_opts)
        return {"routers": routers}

    def list_subnets(self, **search_opts):
        subnets = self._filter(self.__subnets.values(), search_opts)
        return {"subnets": subnets}

    def list_floatingips(self, **search_opts):
        fips = self._filter(self.__fips.values(), search_opts)
        return {"floatingips": fips}

    def remove_interface_router(self, router_id, data):
        subnet_id = data["subnet_id"]

        if (router_id not in self.__routers
                or subnet_id not in self.__subnets):
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException

        subnet = self.__subnets[subnet_id]

        for port_id, port in self.__ports.items():
            if port["device_id"] == router_id:
                for fip in port["fixed_ips"]:
                    if fip["subnet_id"] == subnet_id:
                        del self.__ports[port_id]
                        return {"subnet_id": subnet_id,
                                "tenant_id": subnet["tenant_id"],
                                "port_id": port_id,
                                "id": router_id}

        raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException

    def associate_health_monitor(self, pool_id, healthmonitor_id):
        if pool_id not in self.__pools:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        if healthmonitor_id not in self.__healthmonitors:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        self.__pools[pool_id]["pool"]["healthmonitors"] = healthmonitor_id
        return {"pool": self.__pools[pool_id]}

    def disassociate_health_monitor(self, pool_id, healthmonitor_id):
        if pool_id not in self.__pools:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        if healthmonitor_id not in self.__healthmonitors:
            raise neutron_exceptions.NeutronClientException
        del self.__pools[pool_id]["pool"]["healthmonitors"][healthmonitor_id]
        return ""


class FakeIronicClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        # TODO(romcheg):Fake Manager subclasses to manage BM nodes.
        pass


class FakeSaharaClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.job_executions = mock.MagicMock()
        self.jobs = mock.MagicMock()
        self.job_binary_internals = mock.MagicMock()
        self.job_binaries = mock.MagicMock()
        self.data_sources = mock.MagicMock()

        self.clusters = mock.MagicMock()
        self.cluster_templates = mock.MagicMock()
        self.node_group_templates = mock.MagicMock()

        self.setup_list_methods()

    def setup_list_methods(self):
        mock_with_id = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_with_id.id = 42

        # First call of list returns a list with one object, the next should
        # empty after delete.
        self.job_executions.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]
        self.jobs.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]
        self.job_binary_internals.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]
        self.job_binaries.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]
        self.data_sources.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]

        self.clusters.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]
        self.cluster_templates.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]
        self.node_group_templates.list.side_effect = [[mock_with_id], []]


class FakeZaqarClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.queues = FakeQueuesManager()

    def queue(self, name, **kwargs):
        return self.queues.create(name, **kwargs)


class FakeTroveClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.instances = FakeDbInstanceManager()


class FakeMistralClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.workbook = FakeWorkbookManager()
        self.workflow = FakeWorkflowManager()
        self.execution = FakeExecutionManager()


class FakeSwiftClient(FakeObjectManager):
    pass


class FakeEC2Client(object):

    def __init__(self):
        pass


class FakeSenlinClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        # TODO(Yanyan Hu):Fake interfaces of senlinclient.
        pass


class FakeMagnumClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.cluster_templates = FakeClusterTemplateManager()


class FakeWatcherClient(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.strategy = FakeStrategyManager()
        self.goal = FakeGoalManager()


class FakeClients(object):

    def __init__(self, credential_=None):
        self._nova = None
        self._glance = None
        self._keystone = None
        self._cinder = None
        self._neutron = None
        self._sahara = None
        self._heat = None
        self._designate = None
        self._ceilometer = None
        self._zaqar = None
        self._trove = None
        self._mistral = None
        self._swift = None
        self._murano = None
        self._monasca = None
        self._ec2 = None
        self._senlin = None
        self._watcher = None
        self._credential = credential_ or fake_credential(
            auth_url="http://fake.example.org:5000/v2.0/",
            username="fake_username",
            password="fake_password",
            tenant_name="fake_tenant_name")

    def keystone(self, version=None):
        if not self._keystone:
            self._keystone = FakeKeystoneClient()
        return self._keystone

    def verified_keystone(self):
        return self.keystone()

    def nova(self):
        if not self._nova:
            self._nova = FakeNovaClient()
        return self._nova

    def glance(self):
        if not self._glance:
            self._glance = FakeGlanceClient()
        return self._glance

    def cinder(self):
        if not self._cinder:
            self._cinder = FakeCinderClient()
        return self._cinder

    def neutron(self):
        if not self._neutron:
            self._neutron = FakeNeutronClient()
        return self._neutron

    def sahara(self):
        if not self._sahara:
            self._sahara = FakeSaharaClient()
        return self._sahara

    def heat(self):
        if not self._heat:
            self._heat = FakeHeatClient()
        return self._heat

    def designate(self):
        if not self._designate:
            self._designate = FakeDesignateClient()
        return self._designate

    def ceilometer(self):
        if not self._ceilometer:
            self._ceilometer = FakeCeilometerClient()
        return self._ceilometer

    def monasca(self):
        if not self._monasca:
            self._monasca = FakeMonascaClient()
        return self._monasca

    def zaqar(self):
        if not self._zaqar:
            self._zaqar = FakeZaqarClient()
        return self._zaqar

    def trove(self):
        if not self._trove:
            self._trove = FakeTroveClient()
        return self._trove

    def mistral(self):
        if not self._mistral:
            self._mistral = FakeMistralClient()
        return self._mistral

    def swift(self):
        if not self._swift:
            self._swift = FakeSwiftClient()
        return self._swift

    def murano(self):
        if not self._murano:
            self._murano = FakeMuranoClient()
        return self._murano

    def ec2(self):
        if not self._ec2:
            self._ec2 = FakeEC2Client()
        return self._ec2

    def senlin(self):
        if not self._senlin:
            self._senlin = FakeSenlinClient()
        return self._senlin

    def watcher(self):
        if not self._watcher:
            self._watcher = FakeWatcherClient()
        return self._watcher


class FakeRunner(object):

    CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
        "type": "object",
        "$schema": consts.JSON_SCHEMA,
        "properties": {
            "type": {
                "type": "string",
                "enum": ["fake"]
            },

            "a": {
                "type": "string"
            },

            "b": {
                "type": "number"
            }
        },
        "required": ["type", "a"]
    }


class FakeScenario(scenario.Scenario):

    def idle_time(self):
        return 0

    def do_it(self, **kwargs):
        pass

    def with_output(self, **kwargs):
        return {"data": {"a": 1}, "error": None}

    def with_add_output(self):
        self.add_output(additive={"title": "Additive",
                                  "description": "Additive description",
                                  "data": [["a", 1]],
                                  "chart_plugin": "FooPlugin"},
                        complete={"title": "Complete",
                                  "description": "Complete description",
                                  "data": [["a", [[1, 2], [2, 3]]]],
                                  "chart_plugin": "BarPlugin"})

    def too_long(self, **kwargs):
        pass

    def something_went_wrong(self, **kwargs):
        raise Exception("Something went wrong")

    def raise_timeout(self, **kwargs):
        raise multiprocessing.TimeoutError()


@scenario.configure(name="classbased.fooscenario")
class FakeClassBasedScenario(FakeScenario):
    """Fake class-based scenario."""

    def run(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass


class FakeTimer(rally_utils.Timer):

    def duration(self):
        return 10

    def timestamp(self):
        return 0

    def finish_timestamp(self):
        return 3


@context.configure(name="fake", order=1)
class FakeContext(context.Context):

    CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
        "type": "object",
        "$schema": consts.JSON_SCHEMA,
        "properties": {
            "test": {
                "type": "integer"
            },
        },
        "additionalProperties": False
    }

    def __init__(self, context_obj=None):
        context_obj = context_obj or {}
        context_obj.setdefault("config", {})
        context_obj["config"].setdefault("fake", None)
        context_obj.setdefault("task", mock.MagicMock())
        super(FakeContext, self).__init__(context_obj)

    def setup(self):
        pass

    def cleanup(self):
        pass


@context.configure(name="fake_hidden_context", order=1, hidden=True)
class FakeHiddenContext(FakeContext):
    pass


@context.configure(name="fake_user_context", order=1)
class FakeUserContext(FakeContext):

    admin = {
        "id": "adminuuid",
        "credential": fake_credential(
            auth_url="aurl",
            username="aname",
            password="apwd",
            tenant_name="atenant")
    }
    user = {
        "id": "uuid",
        "credential": fake_credential(
            auth_url="url",
            username="name",
            password="pwd",
            tenant_name="tenant"),
        "tenant_id": "uuid"
    }
    tenants = {"uuid": {"name": "tenant"}}

    def __init__(self, ctx):
        super(FakeUserContext, self).__init__(ctx)
        self.context.setdefault("admin", FakeUserContext.admin)
        self.context.setdefault("users", [FakeUserContext.user])
        self.context.setdefault("tenants", FakeUserContext.tenants)
        self.context.setdefault(
            "scenario_name", "NovaServers.boot_server_from_volume_and_delete")


class FakeDeployment(dict):

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        namespace = kwargs.pop("namespace", "openstack")
        kwargs["credentials"] = {
            namespace: [{"admin": kwargs.pop("admin", None),
                         "users": kwargs.pop("users", [])}],
            "default": [{"admin": None, "users": []}]}
        dict.__init__(self, **kwargs)
        self.update_status = mock.Mock()

    def get_platforms(self):
        return [platform for platform in self["credentials"]]

    def get_credentials_for(self, namespace):
        return self["credentials"][namespace][0]

    def verify_connections(self):
        pass

    def get_validation_context(self):
        return {}


class FakeTask(dict, object):

    def __init__(self, task=None, temporary=False, **kwargs):
        self.is_temporary = temporary
        self.update_status = mock.Mock()
        self.set_failed = mock.Mock()
        self.set_validation_failed = mock.Mock()
        task = task or {}
        for k, v in itertools.chain(task.items(), kwargs.items()):
            self[k] = v
        self.task = self

    def to_dict(self):
        return self


class FakeAPI(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self._deployment = mock.create_autospec(api._Deployment)
        self._task = mock.create_autospec(api._Task)
        self._verifier = mock.create_autospec(api._Verifier)
        self._verification = mock.create_autospec(api._Verification)

    @property
    def deployment(self):
        return self._deployment

    @property
    def task(self):
        return self._task

    @property
    def verifier(self):
        return self._verifier

    @property
    def verification(self):
        return self._verification