diff --git a/test/unit/account/test_server.py b/test/unit/account/test_server.py
index 38ded6a97b..3882c08aa2 100644
--- a/test/unit/account/test_server.py
+++ b/test/unit/account/test_server.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
                                                   'HTTP_X_TIMESTAMP': '0'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('X-Account-Status' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('X-Account-Status', resp.headers)
 
     def test_DELETE_empty(self):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('X-Account-Status' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('X-Account-Status', resp.headers)
 
         # Test the case in which account was deleted but not yet reaped
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
                      'X-Timestamp': normalize_timestamp(0)})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('X-Account-Status' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('X-Account-Status', resp.headers)
 
     def test_PUT(self):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue('x-account-meta-test' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-account-meta-test', resp.headers)
 
     def test_PUT_GET_sys_metadata(self):
         prefix = get_sys_meta_prefix('account')
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue(hdr not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn(hdr, resp.headers)
 
     def test_PUT_invalid_partition(self):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/./a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue('x-account-meta-test' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-account-meta-test', resp.headers)
 
     def test_POST_HEAD_sys_metadata(self):
         prefix = get_sys_meta_prefix('account')
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue(hdr not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn(hdr, resp.headers)
 
     def test_POST_invalid_partition(self):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/./a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('X-Account-Status' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('X-Account-Status', resp.headers)
 
         # Test the case in which account was deleted but not yet reaped
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
             resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
             self.assertEqual(resp.status_int // 100, 2)
             for key in resp.headers:
-                self.assertTrue('storage-policy' not in key.lower())
+                self.assertNotIn('storage-policy', key.lower())
 
     def test_empty_except_for_used_policies(self):
         ts = itertools.count()
@@ -1979,7 +1979,7 @@ class TestAccountController(unittest.TestCase):
             resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
             self.assertEqual(resp.status_int // 100, 2)
             for key in resp.headers:
-                self.assertTrue('storage-policy' not in key.lower())
+                self.assertNotIn('storage-policy', key.lower())
 
         # add a container
         policy = random.choice(POLICIES)
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_formpost.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_formpost.py
index fabfe1931f..c5fbc027a4 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_formpost.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_formpost.py
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class TestFormPost(unittest.TestCase):
                 '/v1/a/c/o',
                 environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': method}).get_response(self.formpost)
             self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 401)
-            self.assertTrue('FormPost' not in resp.body)
+            self.assertNotIn('FormPost', resp.body)
 
     def test_auth_scheme(self):
         # FormPost rejects
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_gatekeeper.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_gatekeeper.py
index d07c4c007a..8c205afa31 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_gatekeeper.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_gatekeeper.py
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ class TestGatekeeper(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def _assertHeadersAbsent(self, unexpected, actual):
         for key in unexpected:
-            self.assertTrue(key.lower() not in actual,
-                            '%s is in %s' % (key, actual))
+            self.assertNotIn(key.lower(), actual,
+                             '%s is in %s' % (key, actual))
 
     def get_app(self, app, global_conf, **local_conf):
         factory = gatekeeper.filter_factory(global_conf, **local_conf)
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_proxy_logging.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_proxy_logging.py
index 2282a9f1b7..909a96dac2 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_proxy_logging.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_proxy_logging.py
@@ -455,8 +455,8 @@ class TestProxyLogging(unittest.TestCase):
         headers = unquote(log_parts[14]).split('\n')
         self.assertTrue('First: 1' in headers)
         self.assertTrue('Second: 2' in headers)
-        self.assertTrue('Third: 3' not in headers)
-        self.assertTrue('Host: localhost:80' not in headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Third: 3', headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Host: localhost:80', headers)
 
     def test_upload_size(self):
         # Using default policy
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_slo.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_slo.py
index f0aba94a12..6f428b74de 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_slo.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_slo.py
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ class TestSloPutManifest(SloTestCase):
             '/v1/AUTH_test/c/man?multipart-manifest=put',
             environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT'}, headers={'Accept': 'test'},
             body=test_json_data)
-        self.assertTrue('X-Static-Large-Object' not in req.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('X-Static-Large-Object', req.headers)
         self.slo(req.environ, fake_start_response)
         self.assertTrue('X-Static-Large-Object' in req.headers)
         self.assertTrue(req.environ['PATH_INFO'], '/cont/object\xe2\x99\xa1')
@@ -1728,7 +1728,7 @@ class TestSloGetManifest(SloTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(status, '206 Partial Content')
         self.assertEqual(headers['Content-Length'], '15')
-        self.assertTrue('Etag' not in headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Etag', headers)
         self.assertEqual(body, 'aabbbbbbbbbbccc')
 
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ class TestSloGetManifest(SloTestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(status, '206 Partial Content')
         self.assertEqual(headers['Content-Length'], '25')
-        self.assertTrue('Etag' not in headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Etag', headers)
         self.assertEqual(body, 'bbbbbbbbbbccccccccccccccc')
 
         self.assertEqual(
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_staticweb.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_staticweb.py
index 2011340b51..d6f89a4870 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_staticweb.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_staticweb.py
@@ -556,8 +556,8 @@ class TestStaticWeb(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 200)
         self.assertTrue('Listing of /v1/a/c3/subdir/' in resp.body)
         self.assertTrue('</style>' in resp.body)
-        self.assertTrue('<link' not in resp.body)
-        self.assertTrue('listing.css' not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn('<link', resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn('listing.css', resp.body)
 
     def test_container3subdirx(self):
         resp = Request.blank(
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ class TestStaticWeb(unittest.TestCase):
         resp = Request.blank(
             '/v1/a/c3/unknown').get_response(self.test_staticweb)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue("Chrome's 404 fancy-page sucks." not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn("Chrome's 404 fancy-page sucks.", resp.body)
 
     def test_container3bindexhtml(self):
         resp = Request.blank('/v1/a/c3b/').get_response(self.test_staticweb)
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ class TestStaticWeb(unittest.TestCase):
             '/v1/a/c4/subdir/').get_response(self.test_staticweb)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 200)
         self.assertTrue('Listing of /v1/a/c4/subdir/' in resp.body)
-        self.assertTrue('</style>' not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn('</style>', resp.body)
         self.assertTrue('<link' in resp.body)
         self.assertTrue('href="../listing.css"' in resp.body)
         self.assertEqual(resp.headers['content-type'],
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ class TestStaticWeb(unittest.TestCase):
         resp = Request.blank(
             '/v1/a/c5/unknown').get_response(self.test_staticweb)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue("Chrome's 404 fancy-page sucks." not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn("Chrome's 404 fancy-page sucks.", resp.body)
 
     def test_container6subdir(self):
         resp = Request.blank(
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ class TestStaticWeb(unittest.TestCase):
         resp = Request.blank('/v1/a/c7/').get_response(
             self.test_staticweb)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('listing.css' not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn('listing.css', resp.body)
         self.assertTrue('<style' in resp.body)
 
     def test_subrequest_once_if_possible(self):
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempauth.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempauth.py
index 1a9915df07..47a9e66785 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempauth.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempauth.py
@@ -204,14 +204,14 @@ class TestAuth(unittest.TestCase):
                                  environ={'swift.authorize_override': True})
         resp = req.get_response(self.test_auth)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('swift.authorize' not in req.environ)
+        self.assertNotIn('swift.authorize', req.environ)
 
     def test_override_default_allowed(self):
         req = self._make_request('/v1/AUTH_account',
                                  environ={'swift.authorize_override': True})
         resp = req.get_response(self.test_auth)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('swift.authorize' not in req.environ)
+        self.assertNotIn('swift.authorize', req.environ)
 
     def test_auth_deny_non_reseller_prefix(self):
         req = self._make_request('/v1/BLAH_account',
diff --git a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempurl.py b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempurl.py
index 1b86c04e37..f7d99c28bd 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempurl.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/middleware/test_tempurl.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_passthrough(self):
         resp = self._make_request('/v1/a/c/o').get_response(self.tempurl)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 401)
-        self.assertTrue('Temp URL invalid' not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn('Temp URL invalid', resp.body)
 
     def test_allow_options(self):
         self.app.status_headers_body_iter = iter([('200 Ok', {}, '')])
@@ -821,7 +821,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
                 sig, expires)})
         resp = req.get_response(self.tempurl)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('x-remove-this' not in self.app.request.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-remove-this', self.app.request.headers)
 
     def test_removed_incoming_headers_match(self):
         self.tempurl = tempurl.filter_factory({
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
                 sig, expires)})
         resp = req.get_response(self.tempurl)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('x-remove-this-one' not in self.app.request.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-remove-this-one', self.app.request.headers)
         self.assertEqual(
             self.app.request.headers['x-remove-this-except-this'], 'value2')
 
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
                 sig, expires)})
         resp = req.get_response(self.tempurl)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
-        self.assertTrue('x-test-header-one-a' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-test-header-one-a', resp.headers)
         self.assertEqual(resp.headers['x-test-header-two-a'], 'value2')
 
     def test_removed_outgoing_headers_match(self):
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
         resp = req.get_response(self.tempurl)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 404)
         self.assertEqual(resp.headers['x-test-header-one-a'], 'value1')
-        self.assertTrue('x-test-header-two-a' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-test-header-two-a', resp.headers)
         self.assertEqual(resp.headers['x-test-header-two-b'], 'value3')
 
     def test_allow_trumps_outgoing_header_conflict(self):
@@ -1074,9 +1074,9 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
         resp = self._make_request('/v1/a/c/o', environ=environ).get_response(
             self.tempurl)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 401)
-        self.assertTrue('Temp URL invalid' not in resp.body)
+        self.assertNotIn('Temp URL invalid', resp.body)
         self.assertTrue('Www-Authenticate' in resp.headers)
-        self.assertTrue('swift.auth_scheme' not in environ)
+        self.assertNotIn('swift.auth_scheme', environ)
 
         # Rejected by TempURL
         environ = {'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None, {'incoming_remove_headers': irh,
                    'incoming_allow_headers': iah}
         )._clean_incoming_headers(env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER' not in env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_HEADER', env)
 
         irh = ['test-header-*']
         iah = []
@@ -1116,8 +1116,8 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None, {'incoming_remove_headers': irh,
                    'incoming_allow_headers': iah}
         )._clean_incoming_headers(env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_ONE' not in env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_TWO' not in env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_ONE', env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_TWO', env)
 
         irh = ['test-header-*']
         iah = ['test-header-two']
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None, {'incoming_remove_headers': irh,
                    'incoming_allow_headers': iah}
         )._clean_incoming_headers(env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_ONE' not in env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_ONE', env)
         self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_TWO' in env)
 
         irh = ['test-header-*', 'test-other-header']
@@ -1141,10 +1141,10 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None, {'incoming_remove_headers': irh,
                    'incoming_allow_headers': iah}
         )._clean_incoming_headers(env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_ONE' not in env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_ONE', env)
         self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_TWO' in env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_OTHER_HEADER' not in env)
-        self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_YES' not in env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_OTHER_HEADER', env)
+        self.assertNotIn('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_YES', env)
         self.assertTrue('HTTP_TEST_HEADER_YES_THIS' in env)
 
     def test_clean_outgoing_headers(self):
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None,
             {'outgoing_remove_headers': orh, 'outgoing_allow_headers': oah}
         )._clean_outgoing_headers(hdrs.items()))
-        self.assertTrue('test-header' not in hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-header', hdrs)
 
         orh = ['test-header-*']
         oah = []
@@ -1174,8 +1174,8 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None,
             {'outgoing_remove_headers': orh, 'outgoing_allow_headers': oah}
         )._clean_outgoing_headers(hdrs.items()))
-        self.assertTrue('test-header-one' not in hdrs)
-        self.assertTrue('test-header-two' not in hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-header-one', hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-header-two', hdrs)
 
         orh = ['test-header-*']
         oah = ['test-header-two']
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None,
             {'outgoing_remove_headers': orh, 'outgoing_allow_headers': oah}
         )._clean_outgoing_headers(hdrs.items()))
-        self.assertTrue('test-header-one' not in hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-header-one', hdrs)
         self.assertTrue('test-header-two' in hdrs)
 
         orh = ['test-header-*', 'test-other-header']
@@ -1199,10 +1199,10 @@ class TestTempURL(unittest.TestCase):
             None,
             {'outgoing_remove_headers': orh, 'outgoing_allow_headers': oah}
         )._clean_outgoing_headers(hdrs.items()))
-        self.assertTrue('test-header-one' not in hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-header-one', hdrs)
         self.assertTrue('test-header-two' in hdrs)
-        self.assertTrue('test-other-header' not in hdrs)
-        self.assertTrue('test-header-yes' not in hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-other-header', hdrs)
+        self.assertNotIn('test-header-yes', hdrs)
         self.assertTrue('test-header-yes-this' in hdrs)
 
     def test_unicode_metadata_value(self):
diff --git a/test/unit/common/test_db.py b/test/unit/common/test_db.py
index dd580b2399..eeeab97abd 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/test_db.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/test_db.py
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ class TestDatabaseBroker(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue('First' in broker.metadata)
         self.assertEqual(broker.metadata['First'],
                          [first_value, first_timestamp])
-        self.assertTrue('Second' not in broker.metadata)
+        self.assertNotIn('Second', broker.metadata)
 
     @patch.object(DatabaseBroker, 'validate_metadata')
     def test_validate_metadata_is_called_from_update_metadata(self, mock):
diff --git a/test/unit/common/test_direct_client.py b/test/unit/common/test_direct_client.py
index 1d78eef1d3..0024f114c7 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/test_direct_client.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/test_direct_client.py
@@ -528,8 +528,8 @@ class TestDirectClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(conn.req_headers['user-agent'], self.user_agent)
         self.assertEqual('bar', conn.req_headers.get('x-foo'))
-        self.assertTrue('x-timestamp' not in conn.req_headers,
-                        'x-timestamp was in HEAD request headers')
+        self.assertNotIn('x-timestamp', conn.req_headers,
+                         'x-timestamp was in HEAD request headers')
         self.assertEqual(headers, resp)
 
     def test_direct_head_object_error(self):
diff --git a/test/unit/common/test_manager.py b/test/unit/common/test_manager.py
index ca38d7a9b7..17d66e0d71 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/test_manager.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/test_manager.py
@@ -741,8 +741,8 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
                     manager.os = MockOs([2])
                     # test pid not running
                     pids = server.signal_pids(signal.SIG_DFL)
-                    self.assertTrue(1 not in pids)
-                    self.assertTrue(1 not in manager.os.pid_sigs)
+                    self.assertNotIn(1, pids)
+                    self.assertNotIn(1, manager.os.pid_sigs)
                     # test remove stale pid file
                     self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(
                         self.join_run_dir('proxy-server.pid')))
@@ -818,8 +818,8 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
             running_pids = server.get_running_pids()
             self.assertEqual(len(running_pids), 1)
             self.assertTrue(1 in running_pids)
-            self.assertTrue(2 not in running_pids)
-            self.assertTrue(3 not in running_pids)
+            self.assertNotIn(2, running_pids)
+            self.assertNotIn(3, running_pids)
             # test persistent running pid files
             self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(
                 os.path.join(manager.RUN_DIR, 'test-server1.pid')))
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertTrue(1 in running_pids)
             # no other pids returned
             for n in (2, 3, 4):
-                self.assertTrue(n not in running_pids)
+                self.assertNotIn(n, running_pids)
             # assert stale pids for other servers ignored
             manager.os = MockOs([1])  # only thing-doer is running
             running_pids = server.get_running_pids()
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(manager.os.pid_sigs[pid],
                                  [signal.SIGTERM])
             # and the other pid is of course not signaled
-            self.assertTrue(1 not in manager.os.pid_sigs)
+            self.assertNotIn(1, manager.os.pid_sigs)
 
     def test_status(self):
         conf_files = (
@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
                     self.assertTrue('mock process started' in output)
                     self.assertTrue('setup complete' in output)
                     # make sure we don't get prints after stdout was closed
-                    self.assertTrue('mock process finished' not in output)
+                    self.assertNotIn('mock process finished', output)
                     # test process which fails to start
                     with MockProcess(fail_to_start=True) as proc:
                         server.procs = [proc]
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ class TestServer(unittest.TestCase):
                             self.assertEqual(mock_spawn.kwargs, [expected])
                             output = pop_stream(f)
                             self.assertTrue('Starting' in output)
-                            self.assertTrue('once' not in output)
+                            self.assertNotIn('once', output)
                         # test multi-server kwarg once
                         server = manager.Server('object-replicator')
                         with temptree([], []) as proc_dir:
diff --git a/test/unit/common/test_swob.py b/test/unit/common/test_swob.py
index 92c5bc24f6..ddbe965046 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/test_swob.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/test_swob.py
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class TestMatch(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(match.tags, set(('a', 'b')))
         self.assertTrue('a' in match)
         self.assertTrue('b' in match)
-        self.assertTrue('c' not in match)
+        self.assertNotIn('c', match)
 
     def test_match_star(self):
         match = swift.common.swob.Match('"a", "*"')
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class TestMatch(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(match.tags, set(('a', 'b')))
         self.assertTrue('a' in match)
         self.assertTrue('b' in match)
-        self.assertTrue('c' not in match)
+        self.assertNotIn('c', match)
 
 
 class TestTransferEncoding(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         req = swift.common.swob.Request.blank('/')
         resp = req.get_response(test_app)
-        self.assertTrue('Www-Authenticate' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Www-Authenticate', resp.headers)
 
     def test_properties(self):
         req = swift.common.swob.Request.blank('/hi/there', body='hi')
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue('Range' in req.headers)
         req.range = None
-        self.assertTrue('Range' not in req.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Range', req.headers)
 
     def test_datetime_properties(self):
         req = swift.common.swob.Request.blank('/hi/there', body='hi')
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue('If-Unmodified-Since' in req.headers)
         req.if_unmodified_since = None
-        self.assertTrue('If-Unmodified-Since' not in req.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('If-Unmodified-Since', req.headers)
 
         too_big_date_list = list(datetime.datetime.max.timetuple())
         too_big_date_list[0] += 1  # bump up the year
@@ -1032,12 +1032,12 @@ class TestResponse(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(resp.location, 'something')
         self.assertTrue('Location' in resp.headers)
         resp.location = None
-        self.assertTrue('Location' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Location', resp.headers)
 
         resp.content_type = 'text/plain'
         self.assertTrue('Content-Type' in resp.headers)
         resp.content_type = None
-        self.assertTrue('Content-Type' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('Content-Type', resp.headers)
 
     def test_empty_body(self):
         resp = self._get_response()
@@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ class TestResponse(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertTrue('etag' in resp.headers)
         resp.etag = None
-        self.assertTrue('etag' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('etag', resp.headers)
 
     def test_host_url_default(self):
         resp = self._get_response()
diff --git a/test/unit/common/test_utils.py b/test/unit/common/test_utils.py
index 0b25a2bf1c..82b11d2db4 100644
--- a/test/unit/common/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/unit/common/test_utils.py
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(conf, conf_file)
             # assert defaults
             self.assertEqual(options['verbose'], False)
-            self.assertTrue('once' not in options)
+            self.assertNotIn('once', options)
             # assert verbose as option
             conf, options = utils.parse_options(test_args=[conf_file, '-v'])
             self.assertEqual(options['verbose'], True)
@@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             for en in (errno.EIO, errno.ENOSPC):
                 log_exception(OSError(en, 'my %s error message' % en))
                 log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-                self.assertTrue('Traceback' not in log_msg)
+                self.assertNotIn('Traceback', log_msg)
                 self.assertTrue('my %s error message' % en in log_msg)
             # unfiltered
             log_exception(OSError())
@@ -1559,19 +1559,19 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             log_exception(socket.error(errno.ECONNREFUSED,
                                        'my error message'))
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-            self.assertTrue('Traceback' not in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('errno.ECONNREFUSED message test' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('Traceback', log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('errno.ECONNREFUSED message test', log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('Connection refused' in log_msg)
             log_exception(socket.error(errno.EHOSTUNREACH,
                                        'my error message'))
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-            self.assertTrue('Traceback' not in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('my error message' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('Traceback', log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('my error message', log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('Host unreachable' in log_msg)
             log_exception(socket.error(errno.ETIMEDOUT, 'my error message'))
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-            self.assertTrue('Traceback' not in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('my error message' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('Traceback', log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('my error message', log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('Connection timeout' in log_msg)
             # unfiltered
             log_exception(socket.error(0, 'my error message'))
@@ -1583,16 +1583,16 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             connection_timeout = ConnectionTimeout(42, 'my error message')
             log_exception(connection_timeout)
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-            self.assertTrue('Traceback' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('Traceback', log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('ConnectionTimeout' in log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('(42s)' in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('my error message' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('my error message', log_msg)
             connection_timeout.cancel()
 
             message_timeout = MessageTimeout(42, 'my error message')
             log_exception(message_timeout)
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-            self.assertTrue('Traceback' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('Traceback', log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('MessageTimeout' in log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('(42s)' in log_msg)
             self.assertTrue('my error message' in log_msg)
@@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             logger.error('my error message')
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
             self.assertTrue('my error message' in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('txn' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('txn', log_msg)
             logger.txn_id = '12345'
             logger.error('test')
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
@@ -1709,7 +1709,7 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             logger.error('my error message')
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
             self.assertTrue('my error message' in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('client_ip' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('client_ip', log_msg)
             logger.client_ip = '1.2.3.4'
             logger.error('test')
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
@@ -1719,8 +1719,8 @@ class TestUtils(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(logger.client_ip, '1.2.3.4')
             logger.info('test')
             log_msg = strip_value(sio)
-            self.assertTrue('client_ip' not in log_msg)
-            self.assertTrue('1.2.3.4' not in log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('client_ip', log_msg)
+            self.assertNotIn('1.2.3.4', log_msg)
             # test client_ip (and txn) already in message
             self.assertEqual(logger.client_ip, '1.2.3.4')
             logger.warning('test 1.2.3.4 test 12345')
@@ -2128,7 +2128,7 @@ log_name = %(yarr)s'''
         for func in required_func_calls:
             self.assertTrue(utils.os.called_funcs[func])
         for func in bad_func_calls:
-            self.assertTrue(func not in utils.os.called_funcs)
+            self.assertNotIn(func, utils.os.called_funcs)
 
     @reset_logger_state
     def test_capture_stdio(self):
@@ -4022,7 +4022,7 @@ class TestSwiftInfo(unittest.TestCase):
 
         info = utils.get_swift_info()
 
-        self.assertTrue('admin' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('admin', info)
 
         self.assertTrue('swift' in info)
         self.assertTrue('foo' in info['swift'])
@@ -4041,19 +4041,19 @@ class TestSwiftInfo(unittest.TestCase):
 
         info = utils.get_swift_info(disallowed_sections=['cap1', 'cap3'])
 
-        self.assertTrue('admin' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('admin', info)
 
         self.assertTrue('swift' in info)
         self.assertTrue('foo' in info['swift'])
         self.assertEqual(info['swift']['foo'], 'bar')
 
-        self.assertTrue('cap1' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('cap1', info)
 
         self.assertTrue('cap2' in info)
         self.assertTrue('cap2_foo' in info['cap2'])
         self.assertEqual(info['cap2']['cap2_foo'], 'cap2_bar')
 
-        self.assertTrue('cap3' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('cap3', info)
 
     def test_register_swift_admin_info(self):
         utils.register_swift_info(admin=True, admin_foo='admin_bar')
@@ -4077,8 +4077,8 @@ class TestSwiftInfo(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             utils._swift_admin_info['cap1']['ac1_lorem'], 'ac1_ipsum')
 
-        self.assertTrue('swift' not in utils._swift_info)
-        self.assertTrue('cap1' not in utils._swift_info)
+        self.assertNotIn('swift', utils._swift_info)
+        self.assertNotIn('cap1', utils._swift_info)
 
     def test_get_swift_admin_info(self):
         utils._swift_info = {'swift': {'foo': 'bar'},
@@ -4116,20 +4116,20 @@ class TestSwiftInfo(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(info['admin']['admin_cap1']['ac1_foo'], 'ac1_bar')
         self.assertTrue('disallowed_sections' in info['admin'])
         self.assertTrue('cap1' in info['admin']['disallowed_sections'])
-        self.assertTrue('cap2' not in info['admin']['disallowed_sections'])
+        self.assertNotIn('cap2', info['admin']['disallowed_sections'])
         self.assertTrue('cap3' in info['admin']['disallowed_sections'])
 
         self.assertTrue('swift' in info)
         self.assertTrue('foo' in info['swift'])
         self.assertEqual(info['swift']['foo'], 'bar')
 
-        self.assertTrue('cap1' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('cap1', info)
 
         self.assertTrue('cap2' in info)
         self.assertTrue('cap2_foo' in info['cap2'])
         self.assertEqual(info['cap2']['cap2_foo'], 'cap2_bar')
 
-        self.assertTrue('cap3' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('cap3', info)
 
     def test_get_swift_admin_info_with_disallowed_sub_sections(self):
         utils._swift_info = {'swift': {'foo': 'bar'},
@@ -4144,10 +4144,10 @@ class TestSwiftInfo(unittest.TestCase):
         info = utils.get_swift_info(
             admin=True, disallowed_sections=['cap1.cap1_foo', 'cap3',
                                              'cap4.a.b.c'])
-        self.assertTrue('cap3' not in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('cap3', info)
         self.assertEqual(info['cap1']['cap1_moo'], 'cap1_baa')
-        self.assertTrue('cap1_foo' not in info['cap1'])
-        self.assertTrue('c' not in info['cap4']['a']['b'])
+        self.assertNotIn('cap1_foo', info['cap1'])
+        self.assertNotIn('c', info['cap4']['a']['b'])
         self.assertEqual(info['cap4']['a']['b.c'], 'b.c')
 
     def test_get_swift_info_with_unmatched_disallowed_sections(self):
diff --git a/test/unit/container/test_server.py b/test/unit/container/test_server.py
index 9f5ec6fe8b..2528ee57e3 100644
--- a/test/unit/container/test_server.py
+++ b/test/unit/container/test_server.py
@@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ class TestContainerController(unittest.TestCase):
             '/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         response = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertTrue(response.status.startswith('204'))
-        self.assertTrue('x-container-read' not in response.headers)
-        self.assertTrue('x-container-write' not in response.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-container-read', response.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-container-write', response.headers)
         # Ensure POSTing acls works
         req = Request.blank(
             '/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'},
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ class TestContainerController(unittest.TestCase):
             '/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         response = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertTrue(response.status.startswith('204'))
-        self.assertTrue('x-container-read' not in response.headers)
-        self.assertTrue('x-container-write' not in response.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-container-read', response.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-container-write', response.headers)
         # Ensure PUTing acls works
         req = Request.blank(
             '/sda1/p/a/c2', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT'},
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ class TestContainerController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue('x-container-meta-test' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-container-meta-test', resp.headers)
 
     def test_PUT_GET_sys_metadata(self):
         prefix = get_sys_meta_prefix('container')
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ class TestContainerController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue(key.lower() not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn(key.lower(), resp.headers)
 
     def test_PUT_invalid_partition(self):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/./a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ class TestContainerController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue('x-container-meta-test' not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn('x-container-meta-test', resp.headers)
         self.assertEqual(resp.headers.get('x-put-timestamp'),
                          '0000000004.00000')
 
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ class TestContainerController(unittest.TestCase):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/p/a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'HEAD'})
         resp = req.get_response(self.controller)
         self.assertEqual(resp.status_int, 204)
-        self.assertTrue(key.lower() not in resp.headers)
+        self.assertNotIn(key.lower(), resp.headers)
 
     def test_POST_invalid_partition(self):
         req = Request.blank('/sda1/./a/c', environ={'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
diff --git a/test/unit/obj/test_expirer.py b/test/unit/obj/test_expirer.py
index 4830a908c3..9849f6d825 100644
--- a/test/unit/obj/test_expirer.py
+++ b/test/unit/obj/test_expirer.py
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ class TestObjectExpirer(TestCase):
             'Pass beginning; 1 possible containers; 2 possible objects',
             'Pass completed in 0s; 0 objects expired',
         ])
-        self.assertTrue('error' not in logs)
+        self.assertNotIn('error', logs)
 
         # Reverse test to be sure it still would blow up the way expected.
         fake_swift = InternalClient([{'name': str(int(time() - 86400))}])
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class TestObjectExpirer(TestCase):
         x = expirer.ObjectExpirer(self.conf, logger=self.logger,
                                   swift=fake_swift)
         x.run_once()
-        self.assertTrue('error' not in x.logger.all_log_lines())
+        self.assertNotIn('error', x.logger.all_log_lines())
         self.assertEqual(x.logger.get_lines_for_level('info'), [
             'Pass beginning; 1 possible containers; 2 possible objects',
             'Pass completed in 0s; 0 objects expired',