5b26b749b5
unittest2 was needed for Python version <= 2.6, so it hasn't been needed for quite some time. See unittest2 note one: https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/unittest.html This drops unittest2 in favor of the standard unittest module. Change-Id: I2e787cfbf1709b7f9c889230a10c03689e032957 Signed-off-by: Sean McGinnis <sean.mcginnis@gmail.com>
1457 lines
48 KiB
Python
1457 lines
48 KiB
Python
# Copyright (c) 2010-2012 OpenStack Foundation
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#
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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# You may obtain a copy of the License at
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#
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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#
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
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# implied.
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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# limitations under the License.
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""" Swift tests """
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from __future__ import print_function
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import os
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import copy
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import logging
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import logging.handlers
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import sys
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from contextlib import contextmanager, closing
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from collections import defaultdict, Iterable
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from hashlib import md5
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import itertools
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from numbers import Number
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from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
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import time
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import eventlet
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from eventlet import greenpool, debug as eventlet_debug
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from eventlet.green import socket
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from tempfile import mkdtemp, mkstemp, gettempdir
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from shutil import rmtree
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import signal
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import json
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import random
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import errno
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import xattr
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from io import BytesIO
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import six
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import six.moves.cPickle as pickle
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from six.moves import range
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from six.moves.http_client import HTTPException
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from swift.common import storage_policy, swob, utils
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from swift.common.storage_policy import (StoragePolicy, ECStoragePolicy,
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VALID_EC_TYPES)
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from swift.common.utils import Timestamp, NOTICE
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from test import get_config
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from swift.common.header_key_dict import HeaderKeyDict
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from swift.common.ring import Ring, RingData, RingBuilder
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from swift.obj import server
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import functools
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from gzip import GzipFile
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import mock as mocklib
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import inspect
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import unittest
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class SkipTest(unittest.SkipTest):
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pass
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EMPTY_ETAG = md5().hexdigest()
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# try not to import this module from swift
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if not os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]).startswith('swift'):
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# never patch HASH_PATH_SUFFIX AGAIN!
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utils.HASH_PATH_SUFFIX = b'endcap'
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EC_TYPE_PREFERENCE = [
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'liberasurecode_rs_vand',
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'jerasure_rs_vand',
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]
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for eclib_name in EC_TYPE_PREFERENCE:
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if eclib_name in VALID_EC_TYPES:
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break
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else:
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raise SystemExit('ERROR: unable to find suitable PyECLib type'
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' (none of %r found in %r)' % (
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EC_TYPE_PREFERENCE,
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VALID_EC_TYPES,
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))
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DEFAULT_TEST_EC_TYPE = eclib_name
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def patch_policies(thing_or_policies=None, legacy_only=False,
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with_ec_default=False, fake_ring_args=None):
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if isinstance(thing_or_policies, (
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Iterable, storage_policy.StoragePolicyCollection)):
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return PatchPolicies(thing_or_policies, fake_ring_args=fake_ring_args)
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if legacy_only:
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default_policies = [
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StoragePolicy(0, name='legacy', is_default=True),
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]
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default_ring_args = [{}]
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elif with_ec_default:
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default_policies = [
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ECStoragePolicy(0, name='ec', is_default=True,
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ec_type=DEFAULT_TEST_EC_TYPE, ec_ndata=10,
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ec_nparity=4, ec_segment_size=4096),
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StoragePolicy(1, name='unu'),
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]
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default_ring_args = [{'replicas': 14}, {}]
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else:
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default_policies = [
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StoragePolicy(0, name='nulo', is_default=True),
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StoragePolicy(1, name='unu'),
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]
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default_ring_args = [{}, {}]
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fake_ring_args = fake_ring_args or default_ring_args
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decorator = PatchPolicies(default_policies, fake_ring_args=fake_ring_args)
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if not thing_or_policies:
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return decorator
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else:
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# it's a thing, we return the wrapped thing instead of the decorator
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return decorator(thing_or_policies)
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class PatchPolicies(object):
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"""
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Why not mock.patch? In my case, when used as a decorator on the class it
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seemed to patch setUp at the wrong time (i.e. in setUp the global wasn't
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patched yet)
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"""
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def __init__(self, policies, fake_ring_args=None):
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if isinstance(policies, storage_policy.StoragePolicyCollection):
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self.policies = policies
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else:
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self.policies = storage_policy.StoragePolicyCollection(policies)
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self.fake_ring_args = fake_ring_args or [None] * len(self.policies)
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def _setup_rings(self):
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"""
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Our tests tend to use the policies rings like their own personal
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playground - which can be a problem in the particular case of a
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patched TestCase class where the FakeRing objects are scoped in the
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call to the patch_policies wrapper outside of the TestCase instance
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which can lead to some bled state.
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To help tests get better isolation without having to think about it,
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here we're capturing the args required to *build* a new FakeRing
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instances so we can ensure each test method gets a clean ring setup.
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The TestCase can always "tweak" these fresh rings in setUp - or if
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they'd prefer to get the same "reset" behavior with custom FakeRing's
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they can pass in their own fake_ring_args to patch_policies instead of
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setting the object_ring on the policy definitions.
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"""
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for policy, fake_ring_arg in zip(self.policies, self.fake_ring_args):
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if fake_ring_arg is not None:
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policy.object_ring = FakeRing(**fake_ring_arg)
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def __call__(self, thing):
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if isinstance(thing, type):
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return self._patch_class(thing)
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else:
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return self._patch_method(thing)
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def _patch_class(self, cls):
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"""
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Creating a new class that inherits from decorated class is the more
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common way I've seen class decorators done - but it seems to cause
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infinite recursion when super is called from inside methods in the
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decorated class.
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"""
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orig_setUp = cls.setUp
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def unpatch_cleanup(cls_self):
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if cls_self._policies_patched:
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self.__exit__()
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cls_self._policies_patched = False
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def setUp(cls_self):
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if not getattr(cls_self, '_policies_patched', False):
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self.__enter__()
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cls_self._policies_patched = True
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cls_self.addCleanup(unpatch_cleanup, cls_self)
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orig_setUp(cls_self)
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cls.setUp = setUp
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return cls
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def _patch_method(self, f):
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@functools.wraps(f)
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def mywrapper(*args, **kwargs):
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with self:
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return f(*args, **kwargs)
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return mywrapper
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def __enter__(self):
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self._orig_POLICIES = storage_policy._POLICIES
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storage_policy._POLICIES = self.policies
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try:
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self._setup_rings()
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except: # noqa
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self.__exit__()
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raise
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def __exit__(self, *args):
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storage_policy._POLICIES = self._orig_POLICIES
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class FakeRing(Ring):
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def __init__(self, replicas=3, max_more_nodes=0, part_power=0,
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base_port=1000):
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self._base_port = base_port
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self.max_more_nodes = max_more_nodes
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self._part_shift = 32 - part_power
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self._init_device_char()
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# 9 total nodes (6 more past the initial 3) is the cap, no matter if
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# this is set higher, or R^2 for R replicas
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self.set_replicas(replicas)
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self._reload()
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def has_changed(self):
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"""
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The real implementation uses getmtime on the serialized_path attribute,
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which doesn't exist on our fake and relies on the implementation of
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_reload which we override. So ... just NOOPE.
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"""
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return False
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def _reload(self):
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self._rtime = time.time()
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@property
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def device_char(self):
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return next(self._device_char_iter)
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def _init_device_char(self):
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self._device_char_iter = itertools.cycle(
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['sd%s' % chr(ord('a') + x) for x in range(26)])
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def add_node(self, dev):
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# round trip through json to ensure unicode like real rings
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self._devs.append(json.loads(json.dumps(dev)))
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def set_replicas(self, replicas):
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self.replicas = replicas
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self._devs = []
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self._init_device_char()
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for x in range(self.replicas):
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ip = '10.0.0.%s' % x
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port = self._base_port + x
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dev = {
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'ip': ip,
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'replication_ip': ip,
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'port': port,
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'replication_port': port,
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'device': self.device_char,
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'zone': x % 3,
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'region': x % 2,
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'id': x,
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}
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self.add_node(dev)
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@property
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def replica_count(self):
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return self.replicas
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def _get_part_nodes(self, part):
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return [dict(node, index=i) for i, node in enumerate(list(self._devs))]
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def get_more_nodes(self, part):
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index_counter = itertools.count()
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for x in range(self.replicas, (self.replicas + self.max_more_nodes)):
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yield {'ip': '10.0.0.%s' % x,
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'replication_ip': '10.0.0.%s' % x,
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'port': self._base_port + x,
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'replication_port': self._base_port + x,
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'device': 'sda',
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'zone': x % 3,
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'region': x % 2,
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'id': x,
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'handoff_index': next(index_counter)}
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def write_fake_ring(path, *devs):
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"""
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Pretty much just a two node, two replica, 2 part power ring...
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"""
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dev1 = {'id': 0, 'zone': 0, 'device': 'sda1', 'ip': '127.0.0.1',
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'port': 6200}
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dev2 = {'id': 1, 'zone': 0, 'device': 'sdb1', 'ip': '127.0.0.1',
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'port': 6200}
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dev1_updates, dev2_updates = devs or ({}, {})
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dev1.update(dev1_updates)
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dev2.update(dev2_updates)
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replica2part2dev_id = [[0, 1, 0, 1], [1, 0, 1, 0]]
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devs = [dev1, dev2]
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part_shift = 30
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with closing(GzipFile(path, 'wb')) as f:
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pickle.dump(RingData(replica2part2dev_id, devs, part_shift), f)
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def write_stub_builder(tmpdir, region=1, name=''):
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"""
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Pretty much just a three node, three replica, 8 part power builder...
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:param tmpdir: a place to write the builder, be sure to clean it up!
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:param region: an integer, fills in region and ip
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:param name: the name of the builder (i.e. <name>.builder)
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"""
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name = name or str(region)
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replicas = 3
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builder = RingBuilder(8, replicas, 1)
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for i in range(replicas):
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dev = {'weight': 100,
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'region': '%d' % region,
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'zone': '1',
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'ip': '10.0.0.%d' % region,
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'port': '3600',
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'device': 'sdb%d' % i}
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builder.add_dev(dev)
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builder.rebalance()
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builder_file = os.path.join(tmpdir, '%s.builder' % name)
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builder.save(builder_file)
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return builder, builder_file
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class FabricatedRing(Ring):
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"""
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When a FakeRing just won't do - you can fabricate one to meet
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your tests needs.
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"""
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def __init__(self, replicas=6, devices=8, nodes=4, port=6200,
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part_power=4):
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self.devices = devices
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self.nodes = nodes
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self.port = port
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self.replicas = replicas
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self._part_shift = 32 - part_power
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self._reload()
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def has_changed(self):
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return False
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def _reload(self, *args, **kwargs):
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self._rtime = time.time() * 2
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if hasattr(self, '_replica2part2dev_id'):
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return
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self._devs = [{
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'region': 1,
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'zone': 1,
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'weight': 1.0,
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'id': i,
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'device': 'sda%d' % i,
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'ip': '10.0.0.%d' % (i % self.nodes),
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'replication_ip': '10.0.0.%d' % (i % self.nodes),
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'port': self.port,
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'replication_port': self.port,
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} for i in range(self.devices)]
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self._replica2part2dev_id = [
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[None] * 2 ** self.part_power
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for i in range(self.replicas)
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]
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dev_ids = itertools.cycle(range(self.devices))
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for p in range(2 ** self.part_power):
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for r in range(self.replicas):
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self._replica2part2dev_id[r][p] = next(dev_ids)
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self._update_bookkeeping()
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class FakeMemcache(object):
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def __init__(self):
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self.store = {}
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def get(self, key):
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return self.store.get(key)
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def keys(self):
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return self.store.keys()
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def set(self, key, value, time=0):
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self.store[key] = value
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return True
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def incr(self, key, time=0):
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self.store[key] = self.store.setdefault(key, 0) + 1
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return self.store[key]
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@contextmanager
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def soft_lock(self, key, timeout=0, retries=5):
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yield True
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def delete(self, key):
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try:
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del self.store[key]
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except Exception:
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pass
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return True
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def readuntil2crlfs(fd):
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rv = b''
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lc = b''
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crlfs = 0
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while crlfs < 2:
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c = fd.read(1)
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if not c:
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raise ValueError("didn't get two CRLFs; just got %r" % rv)
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rv = rv + c
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if c == b'\r' and lc != b'\n':
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crlfs = 0
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if lc == b'\r' and c == b'\n':
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crlfs += 1
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lc = c
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return rv
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def connect_tcp(hostport):
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rv = socket.socket()
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rv.connect(hostport)
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return rv
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@contextmanager
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def tmpfile(content):
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with NamedTemporaryFile('w', delete=False) as f:
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file_name = f.name
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f.write(str(content))
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try:
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yield file_name
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finally:
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os.unlink(file_name)
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@contextmanager
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def temptree(files, contents=''):
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# generate enough contents to fill the files
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c = len(files)
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contents = (list(contents) + [''] * c)[:c]
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tempdir = mkdtemp()
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for path, content in zip(files, contents):
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if os.path.isabs(path):
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path = '.' + path
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new_path = os.path.join(tempdir, path)
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subdir = os.path.dirname(new_path)
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if not os.path.exists(subdir):
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os.makedirs(subdir)
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with open(new_path, 'w') as f:
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f.write(str(content))
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try:
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yield tempdir
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finally:
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rmtree(tempdir)
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def with_tempdir(f):
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"""
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Decorator to give a single test a tempdir as argument to test method.
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"""
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@functools.wraps(f)
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def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
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tempdir = mkdtemp()
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args = list(args)
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args.append(tempdir)
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try:
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return f(*args, **kwargs)
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finally:
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rmtree(tempdir)
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return wrapped
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class NullLoggingHandler(logging.Handler):
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def emit(self, record):
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pass
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class UnmockTimeModule(object):
|
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"""
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Even if a test mocks time.time - you can restore unmolested behavior in a
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another module who imports time directly by monkey patching it's imported
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reference to the module with an instance of this class
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"""
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_orig_time = time.time
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def __getattribute__(self, name):
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if name == 'time':
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return UnmockTimeModule._orig_time
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return getattr(time, name)
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# logging.LogRecord.__init__ calls time.time
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logging.time = UnmockTimeModule()
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class WARN_DEPRECATED(Exception):
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def __init__(self, msg):
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self.msg = msg
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print(self.msg)
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class FakeLogger(logging.Logger, object):
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# a thread safe fake logger
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def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
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self._clear()
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self.name = 'swift.unit.fake_logger'
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self.level = logging.NOTSET
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if 'facility' in kwargs:
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self.facility = kwargs['facility']
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self.statsd_client = None
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self.thread_locals = None
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self.parent = None
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store_in = {
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logging.ERROR: 'error',
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|
logging.WARNING: 'warning',
|
|
logging.INFO: 'info',
|
|
logging.DEBUG: 'debug',
|
|
logging.CRITICAL: 'critical',
|
|
NOTICE: 'notice',
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
def warn(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
raise WARN_DEPRECATED("Deprecated Method warn use warning instead")
|
|
|
|
def notice(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
"""
|
|
Convenience function for syslog priority LOG_NOTICE. The python
|
|
logging lvl is set to 25, just above info. SysLogHandler is
|
|
monkey patched to map this log lvl to the LOG_NOTICE syslog
|
|
priority.
|
|
"""
|
|
self.log(NOTICE, msg, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
store_name = self.store_in[level]
|
|
cargs = [msg]
|
|
if any(args):
|
|
cargs.extend(args)
|
|
captured = dict(kwargs)
|
|
if 'exc_info' in kwargs and \
|
|
not isinstance(kwargs['exc_info'], tuple):
|
|
captured['exc_info'] = sys.exc_info()
|
|
self.log_dict[store_name].append((tuple(cargs), captured))
|
|
super(FakeLogger, self)._log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _clear(self):
|
|
self.log_dict = defaultdict(list)
|
|
self.lines_dict = {'critical': [], 'error': [], 'info': [],
|
|
'warning': [], 'debug': [], 'notice': []}
|
|
|
|
clear = _clear # this is a public interface
|
|
|
|
def get_lines_for_level(self, level):
|
|
if level not in self.lines_dict:
|
|
raise KeyError(
|
|
"Invalid log level '%s'; valid levels are %s" %
|
|
(level,
|
|
', '.join("'%s'" % lvl for lvl in sorted(self.lines_dict))))
|
|
return self.lines_dict[level]
|
|
|
|
def all_log_lines(self):
|
|
return dict((level, msgs) for level, msgs in self.lines_dict.items()
|
|
if len(msgs) > 0)
|
|
|
|
def _store_in(store_name):
|
|
def stub_fn(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
self.log_dict[store_name].append((args, kwargs))
|
|
return stub_fn
|
|
|
|
# mock out the StatsD logging methods:
|
|
update_stats = _store_in('update_stats')
|
|
increment = _store_in('increment')
|
|
decrement = _store_in('decrement')
|
|
timing = _store_in('timing')
|
|
timing_since = _store_in('timing_since')
|
|
transfer_rate = _store_in('transfer_rate')
|
|
set_statsd_prefix = _store_in('set_statsd_prefix')
|
|
|
|
def get_increments(self):
|
|
return [call[0][0] for call in self.log_dict['increment']]
|
|
|
|
def get_increment_counts(self):
|
|
counts = {}
|
|
for metric in self.get_increments():
|
|
if metric not in counts:
|
|
counts[metric] = 0
|
|
counts[metric] += 1
|
|
return counts
|
|
|
|
def setFormatter(self, obj):
|
|
self.formatter = obj
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self._clear()
|
|
|
|
def set_name(self, name):
|
|
# don't touch _handlers
|
|
self._name = name
|
|
|
|
def acquire(self):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def release(self):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def createLock(self):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def emit(self, record):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def _handle(self, record):
|
|
try:
|
|
line = record.getMessage()
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
print('WARNING: unable to format log message %r %% %r' % (
|
|
record.msg, record.args))
|
|
raise
|
|
self.lines_dict[record.levelname.lower()].append(line)
|
|
|
|
def handle(self, record):
|
|
self._handle(record)
|
|
|
|
def flush(self):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def handleError(self, record):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
def isEnabledFor(self, level):
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DebugSwiftLogFormatter(utils.SwiftLogFormatter):
|
|
|
|
def format(self, record):
|
|
msg = super(DebugSwiftLogFormatter, self).format(record)
|
|
return msg.replace('#012', '\n')
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DebugLogger(FakeLogger):
|
|
"""A simple stdout logging version of FakeLogger"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
FakeLogger.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
self.formatter = DebugSwiftLogFormatter(
|
|
"%(server)s %(levelname)s: %(message)s")
|
|
|
|
def handle(self, record):
|
|
self._handle(record)
|
|
print(self.formatter.format(record))
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DebugLogAdapter(utils.LogAdapter):
|
|
|
|
def _send_to_logger(name):
|
|
def stub_fn(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
return getattr(self.logger, name)(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
return stub_fn
|
|
|
|
# delegate to FakeLogger's mocks
|
|
update_stats = _send_to_logger('update_stats')
|
|
increment = _send_to_logger('increment')
|
|
decrement = _send_to_logger('decrement')
|
|
timing = _send_to_logger('timing')
|
|
timing_since = _send_to_logger('timing_since')
|
|
transfer_rate = _send_to_logger('transfer_rate')
|
|
set_statsd_prefix = _send_to_logger('set_statsd_prefix')
|
|
|
|
def __getattribute__(self, name):
|
|
try:
|
|
return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
|
return getattr(self.__dict__['logger'], name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def debug_logger(name='test'):
|
|
"""get a named adapted debug logger"""
|
|
return DebugLogAdapter(DebugLogger(), name)
|
|
|
|
|
|
original_syslog_handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler
|
|
|
|
|
|
def fake_syslog_handler():
|
|
for attr in dir(original_syslog_handler):
|
|
if attr.startswith('LOG'):
|
|
setattr(FakeLogger, attr,
|
|
copy.copy(getattr(logging.handlers.SysLogHandler, attr)))
|
|
FakeLogger.priority_map = \
|
|
copy.deepcopy(logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.priority_map)
|
|
|
|
logging.handlers.SysLogHandler = FakeLogger
|
|
|
|
|
|
if utils.config_true_value(
|
|
get_config('unit_test').get('fake_syslog', 'False')):
|
|
fake_syslog_handler()
|
|
|
|
|
|
@contextmanager
|
|
def quiet_eventlet_exceptions():
|
|
orig_state = greenpool.DEBUG
|
|
eventlet_debug.hub_exceptions(False)
|
|
try:
|
|
yield
|
|
finally:
|
|
eventlet_debug.hub_exceptions(orig_state)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@contextmanager
|
|
def mock_check_drive(isdir=False, ismount=False):
|
|
"""
|
|
All device/drive/mount checking should be done through the constraints
|
|
module. If we keep the mocking consistently within that module, we can
|
|
keep our tests robust to further rework on that interface.
|
|
|
|
Replace the constraint modules underlying os calls with mocks.
|
|
|
|
:param isdir: return value of constraints isdir calls, default False
|
|
:param ismount: return value of constraints ismount calls, default False
|
|
:returns: a dict of constraint module mocks
|
|
"""
|
|
mock_base = 'swift.common.constraints.'
|
|
with mocklib.patch(mock_base + 'isdir') as mock_isdir, \
|
|
mocklib.patch(mock_base + 'utils.ismount') as mock_ismount:
|
|
mock_isdir.return_value = isdir
|
|
mock_ismount.return_value = ismount
|
|
yield {
|
|
'isdir': mock_isdir,
|
|
'ismount': mock_ismount,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
@contextmanager
|
|
def mock(update):
|
|
returns = []
|
|
deletes = []
|
|
for key, value in update.items():
|
|
imports = key.split('.')
|
|
attr = imports.pop(-1)
|
|
module = __import__(imports[0], fromlist=imports[1:])
|
|
for modname in imports[1:]:
|
|
module = getattr(module, modname)
|
|
if hasattr(module, attr):
|
|
returns.append((module, attr, getattr(module, attr)))
|
|
else:
|
|
deletes.append((module, attr))
|
|
setattr(module, attr, value)
|
|
try:
|
|
yield True
|
|
finally:
|
|
for module, attr, value in returns:
|
|
setattr(module, attr, value)
|
|
for module, attr in deletes:
|
|
delattr(module, attr)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FakeStatus(object):
|
|
"""
|
|
This will work with our fake_http_connect, if you hand in one of these
|
|
instead of a status int or status int tuple to the "codes" iter you can
|
|
add some eventlet sleep to the expect and response stages of the
|
|
connection.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, status, expect_sleep=None, response_sleep=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
:param status: the response status int, or a tuple of
|
|
([expect_status, ...], response_status)
|
|
:param expect_sleep: float, time to eventlet sleep during expect, can
|
|
be a iter of floats
|
|
:param response_sleep: float, time to eventlet sleep during response
|
|
"""
|
|
# connect exception
|
|
if inspect.isclass(status) and issubclass(status, Exception):
|
|
raise status('FakeStatus Error')
|
|
if isinstance(status, (Exception, eventlet.Timeout)):
|
|
raise status
|
|
if isinstance(status, tuple):
|
|
self.expect_status = list(status[:-1])
|
|
self.status = status[-1]
|
|
self.explicit_expect_list = True
|
|
else:
|
|
self.expect_status, self.status = ([], status)
|
|
self.explicit_expect_list = False
|
|
if not self.expect_status:
|
|
# when a swift backend service returns a status before reading
|
|
# from the body (mostly an error response) eventlet.wsgi will
|
|
# respond with that status line immediately instead of 100
|
|
# Continue, even if the client sent the Expect 100 header.
|
|
# BufferedHttp and the proxy both see these error statuses
|
|
# when they call getexpect, so our FakeConn tries to act like
|
|
# our backend services and return certain types of responses
|
|
# as expect statuses just like a real backend server would do.
|
|
if self.status in (507, 412, 409):
|
|
self.expect_status = [status]
|
|
else:
|
|
self.expect_status = [100, 100]
|
|
|
|
# setup sleep attributes
|
|
if not isinstance(expect_sleep, (list, tuple)):
|
|
expect_sleep = [expect_sleep] * len(self.expect_status)
|
|
self.expect_sleep_list = list(expect_sleep)
|
|
while len(self.expect_sleep_list) < len(self.expect_status):
|
|
self.expect_sleep_list.append(None)
|
|
self.response_sleep = response_sleep
|
|
|
|
def get_response_status(self):
|
|
if self.response_sleep is not None:
|
|
eventlet.sleep(self.response_sleep)
|
|
if self.expect_status and self.explicit_expect_list:
|
|
raise Exception('Test did not consume all fake '
|
|
'expect status: %r' % (self.expect_status,))
|
|
if isinstance(self.status, (Exception, eventlet.Timeout)):
|
|
raise self.status
|
|
return self.status
|
|
|
|
def get_expect_status(self):
|
|
expect_sleep = self.expect_sleep_list.pop(0)
|
|
if expect_sleep is not None:
|
|
eventlet.sleep(expect_sleep)
|
|
expect_status = self.expect_status.pop(0)
|
|
if isinstance(expect_status, (Exception, eventlet.Timeout)):
|
|
raise expect_status
|
|
return expect_status
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SlowBody(object):
|
|
"""
|
|
This will work with our fake_http_connect, if you hand in these
|
|
instead of strings it will make reads take longer by the given
|
|
amount. It should be a little bit easier to extend than the
|
|
current slow kwarg - which inserts whitespace in the response.
|
|
Also it should be easy to detect if you have one of these (or a
|
|
subclass) for the body inside of FakeConn if we wanted to do
|
|
something smarter than just duck-type the str/buffer api
|
|
enough to get by.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, body, slowness):
|
|
self.body = body
|
|
self.slowness = slowness
|
|
|
|
def slowdown(self):
|
|
eventlet.sleep(self.slowness)
|
|
|
|
def __getitem__(self, s):
|
|
return SlowBody(self.body[s], self.slowness)
|
|
|
|
def __len__(self):
|
|
return len(self.body)
|
|
|
|
def __radd__(self, other):
|
|
self.slowdown()
|
|
return other + self.body
|
|
|
|
|
|
def fake_http_connect(*code_iter, **kwargs):
|
|
|
|
class FakeConn(object):
|
|
|
|
SLOW_READS = 4
|
|
SLOW_WRITES = 4
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, status, etag=None, body=b'', timestamp=-1,
|
|
headers=None, expect_headers=None, connection_id=None,
|
|
give_send=None, give_expect=None):
|
|
if not isinstance(status, FakeStatus):
|
|
status = FakeStatus(status)
|
|
self._status = status
|
|
self.reason = 'Fake'
|
|
self.host = '1.2.3.4'
|
|
self.port = '1234'
|
|
self.sent = 0
|
|
self.received = 0
|
|
self.etag = etag
|
|
self.body = body
|
|
self.headers = headers or {}
|
|
self.expect_headers = expect_headers or {}
|
|
if timestamp == -1:
|
|
# -1 is reserved to mean "magic default"
|
|
if status.status != 404:
|
|
self.timestamp = '1'
|
|
else:
|
|
self.timestamp = '0'
|
|
else:
|
|
# tests may specify int, string, Timestamp or None
|
|
self.timestamp = timestamp
|
|
self.connection_id = connection_id
|
|
self.give_send = give_send
|
|
self.give_expect = give_expect
|
|
self.closed = False
|
|
if 'slow' in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs['slow'], list):
|
|
try:
|
|
self._next_sleep = kwargs['slow'].pop(0)
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
self._next_sleep = None
|
|
|
|
# if we're going to be slow, we need a body to send slowly
|
|
am_slow, _junk = self.get_slow()
|
|
if am_slow and len(self.body) < self.SLOW_READS:
|
|
self.body += b" " * (self.SLOW_READS - len(self.body))
|
|
|
|
# be nice to trixy bits with node_iter's
|
|
eventlet.sleep()
|
|
|
|
def getresponse(self):
|
|
exc = kwargs.get('raise_exc')
|
|
if exc:
|
|
if isinstance(exc, (Exception, eventlet.Timeout)):
|
|
raise exc
|
|
raise Exception('test')
|
|
if kwargs.get('raise_timeout_exc'):
|
|
raise eventlet.Timeout()
|
|
self.status = self._status.get_response_status()
|
|
return self
|
|
|
|
def getexpect(self):
|
|
if self.give_expect:
|
|
self.give_expect(self)
|
|
expect_status = self._status.get_expect_status()
|
|
headers = dict(self.expect_headers)
|
|
if expect_status == 409:
|
|
headers['X-Backend-Timestamp'] = self.timestamp
|
|
response = FakeConn(expect_status,
|
|
timestamp=self.timestamp,
|
|
headers=headers)
|
|
response.status = expect_status
|
|
return response
|
|
|
|
def getheaders(self):
|
|
etag = self.etag
|
|
if not etag:
|
|
if isinstance(self.body, bytes):
|
|
etag = '"' + md5(self.body).hexdigest() + '"'
|
|
else:
|
|
etag = '"68b329da9893e34099c7d8ad5cb9c940"'
|
|
|
|
am_slow, _junk = self.get_slow()
|
|
headers = HeaderKeyDict({
|
|
'content-length': len(self.body),
|
|
'content-type': 'x-application/test',
|
|
'x-timestamp': self.timestamp,
|
|
'x-backend-timestamp': self.timestamp,
|
|
'last-modified': self.timestamp,
|
|
'x-object-meta-test': 'testing',
|
|
'x-delete-at': '9876543210',
|
|
'etag': etag,
|
|
'x-works': 'yes',
|
|
})
|
|
if self.status // 100 == 2:
|
|
headers['x-account-container-count'] = \
|
|
kwargs.get('count', 12345)
|
|
if not self.timestamp:
|
|
# when timestamp is None, HeaderKeyDict raises KeyError
|
|
headers.pop('x-timestamp', None)
|
|
try:
|
|
if next(container_ts_iter) is False:
|
|
headers['x-container-timestamp'] = '1'
|
|
except StopIteration:
|
|
pass
|
|
headers.update(self.headers)
|
|
return headers.items()
|
|
|
|
def get_slow(self):
|
|
if 'slow' in kwargs and isinstance(kwargs['slow'], list):
|
|
if self._next_sleep is not None:
|
|
return True, self._next_sleep
|
|
else:
|
|
return False, 0.01
|
|
if kwargs.get('slow') and isinstance(kwargs['slow'], Number):
|
|
return True, kwargs['slow']
|
|
return bool(kwargs.get('slow')), 0.1
|
|
|
|
def read(self, amt=None):
|
|
am_slow, value = self.get_slow()
|
|
if am_slow:
|
|
if self.sent < self.SLOW_READS:
|
|
slowly_read_byte = self.body[self.sent:self.sent + 1]
|
|
self.sent += 1
|
|
eventlet.sleep(value)
|
|
return slowly_read_byte
|
|
if amt is None:
|
|
rv = self.body[self.sent:]
|
|
else:
|
|
rv = self.body[self.sent:self.sent + amt]
|
|
self.sent += len(rv)
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
def send(self, data=None):
|
|
if self.give_send:
|
|
self.give_send(self, data)
|
|
am_slow, value = self.get_slow()
|
|
if am_slow:
|
|
if self.received < self.SLOW_WRITES:
|
|
self.received += 1
|
|
eventlet.sleep(value)
|
|
|
|
def getheader(self, name, default=None):
|
|
return HeaderKeyDict(self.getheaders()).get(name, default)
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self.closed = True
|
|
|
|
# unless tests provide timestamps we use the "magic default"
|
|
timestamps_iter = iter(kwargs.get('timestamps') or [-1] * len(code_iter))
|
|
etag_iter = iter(kwargs.get('etags') or [None] * len(code_iter))
|
|
if isinstance(kwargs.get('headers'), (list, tuple)):
|
|
headers_iter = iter(kwargs['headers'])
|
|
else:
|
|
headers_iter = iter([kwargs.get('headers', {})] * len(code_iter))
|
|
if isinstance(kwargs.get('expect_headers'), (list, tuple)):
|
|
expect_headers_iter = iter(kwargs['expect_headers'])
|
|
else:
|
|
expect_headers_iter = iter([kwargs.get('expect_headers', {})] *
|
|
len(code_iter))
|
|
|
|
x = kwargs.get('missing_container', [False] * len(code_iter))
|
|
if not isinstance(x, (tuple, list)):
|
|
x = [x] * len(code_iter)
|
|
container_ts_iter = iter(x)
|
|
code_iter = iter(code_iter)
|
|
conn_id_and_code_iter = enumerate(code_iter)
|
|
static_body = kwargs.get('body', None)
|
|
body_iter = kwargs.get('body_iter', None)
|
|
if body_iter:
|
|
body_iter = iter(body_iter)
|
|
unexpected_requests = []
|
|
|
|
def connect(*args, **ckwargs):
|
|
if kwargs.get('slow_connect', False):
|
|
eventlet.sleep(0.1)
|
|
if 'give_content_type' in kwargs:
|
|
if len(args) >= 7 and 'Content-Type' in args[6]:
|
|
kwargs['give_content_type'](args[6]['Content-Type'])
|
|
else:
|
|
kwargs['give_content_type']('')
|
|
try:
|
|
i, status = next(conn_id_and_code_iter)
|
|
except StopIteration:
|
|
# the code under test may swallow the StopIteration, so by logging
|
|
# unexpected requests here we allow the test framework to check for
|
|
# them after the connect function has been used.
|
|
unexpected_requests.append((args, kwargs))
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
if 'give_connect' in kwargs:
|
|
give_conn_fn = kwargs['give_connect']
|
|
argspec = inspect.getargspec(give_conn_fn)
|
|
if argspec.keywords or 'connection_id' in argspec.args:
|
|
ckwargs['connection_id'] = i
|
|
give_conn_fn(*args, **ckwargs)
|
|
etag = next(etag_iter)
|
|
headers = next(headers_iter)
|
|
expect_headers = next(expect_headers_iter)
|
|
timestamp = next(timestamps_iter)
|
|
|
|
if isinstance(status, int) and status <= 0:
|
|
raise HTTPException()
|
|
if body_iter is None:
|
|
body = static_body or b''
|
|
else:
|
|
body = next(body_iter)
|
|
return FakeConn(status, etag, body=body, timestamp=timestamp,
|
|
headers=headers, expect_headers=expect_headers,
|
|
connection_id=i, give_send=kwargs.get('give_send'),
|
|
give_expect=kwargs.get('give_expect'))
|
|
|
|
connect.unexpected_requests = unexpected_requests
|
|
connect.code_iter = code_iter
|
|
|
|
return connect
|
|
|
|
|
|
@contextmanager
|
|
def mocked_http_conn(*args, **kwargs):
|
|
requests = []
|
|
|
|
def capture_requests(ip, port, method, path, headers, qs, ssl):
|
|
if six.PY2 and not isinstance(ip, bytes):
|
|
ip = ip.encode('ascii')
|
|
req = {
|
|
'ip': ip,
|
|
'port': port,
|
|
'method': method,
|
|
'path': path,
|
|
'headers': headers,
|
|
'qs': qs,
|
|
'ssl': ssl,
|
|
}
|
|
requests.append(req)
|
|
kwargs.setdefault('give_connect', capture_requests)
|
|
fake_conn = fake_http_connect(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
fake_conn.requests = requests
|
|
with mocklib.patch('swift.common.bufferedhttp.http_connect_raw',
|
|
new=fake_conn):
|
|
yield fake_conn
|
|
left_over_status = list(fake_conn.code_iter)
|
|
if left_over_status:
|
|
raise AssertionError('left over status %r' % left_over_status)
|
|
if fake_conn.unexpected_requests:
|
|
raise AssertionError('unexpected requests %r' %
|
|
fake_conn.unexpected_requests)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def make_timestamp_iter(offset=0):
|
|
return iter(Timestamp(t)
|
|
for t in itertools.count(int(time.time()) + offset))
|
|
|
|
|
|
@contextmanager
|
|
def mock_timestamp_now(now=None):
|
|
if now is None:
|
|
now = Timestamp.now()
|
|
with mocklib.patch('swift.common.utils.Timestamp.now',
|
|
classmethod(lambda c: now)):
|
|
yield now
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Timeout(object):
|
|
def __init__(self, seconds):
|
|
self.seconds = seconds
|
|
|
|
def __enter__(self):
|
|
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, self._exit)
|
|
signal.alarm(self.seconds)
|
|
|
|
def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
|
|
signal.alarm(0)
|
|
|
|
def _exit(self, signum, frame):
|
|
class TimeoutException(Exception):
|
|
pass
|
|
raise TimeoutException
|
|
|
|
|
|
def requires_o_tmpfile_support_in_tmp(func):
|
|
@functools.wraps(func)
|
|
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
|
|
if not utils.o_tmpfile_in_tmpdir_supported():
|
|
raise SkipTest('Requires O_TMPFILE support in TMPDIR')
|
|
return func(*args, **kwargs)
|
|
return wrapper
|
|
|
|
|
|
class StubResponse(object):
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, status, body=b'', headers=None, frag_index=None):
|
|
self.status = status
|
|
self.body = body
|
|
self.readable = BytesIO(body)
|
|
self.headers = HeaderKeyDict(headers)
|
|
if frag_index is not None:
|
|
self.headers['X-Object-Sysmeta-Ec-Frag-Index'] = frag_index
|
|
fake_reason = ('Fake', 'This response is a lie.')
|
|
self.reason = swob.RESPONSE_REASONS.get(status, fake_reason)[0]
|
|
|
|
def getheader(self, header_name, default=None):
|
|
return self.headers.get(header_name, default)
|
|
|
|
def getheaders(self):
|
|
if 'Content-Length' not in self.headers:
|
|
self.headers['Content-Length'] = len(self.body)
|
|
return self.headers.items()
|
|
|
|
def read(self, amt=0):
|
|
return self.readable.read(amt)
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
|
info = ['Status: %s' % self.status]
|
|
if self.headers:
|
|
info.append('Headers: %r' % dict(self.headers))
|
|
if self.body:
|
|
info.append('Body: %r' % self.body)
|
|
return '<StubResponse %s>' % ', '.join(info)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def encode_frag_archive_bodies(policy, body):
|
|
"""
|
|
Given a stub body produce a list of complete frag_archive bodies as
|
|
strings in frag_index order.
|
|
|
|
:param policy: a StoragePolicy instance, with policy_type EC_POLICY
|
|
:param body: a string, the body to encode into frag archives
|
|
|
|
:returns: list of strings, the complete frag_archive bodies for the given
|
|
plaintext
|
|
"""
|
|
segment_size = policy.ec_segment_size
|
|
# split up the body into buffers
|
|
chunks = [body[x:x + segment_size]
|
|
for x in range(0, len(body), segment_size)]
|
|
# encode the buffers into fragment payloads
|
|
fragment_payloads = []
|
|
for chunk in chunks:
|
|
fragments = policy.pyeclib_driver.encode(chunk) \
|
|
* policy.ec_duplication_factor
|
|
if not fragments:
|
|
break
|
|
fragment_payloads.append(fragments)
|
|
|
|
# join up the fragment payloads per node
|
|
ec_archive_bodies = [b''.join(frags)
|
|
for frags in zip(*fragment_payloads)]
|
|
return ec_archive_bodies
|
|
|
|
|
|
def make_ec_object_stub(test_body, policy, timestamp):
|
|
segment_size = policy.ec_segment_size
|
|
test_body = test_body or (
|
|
b'test' * segment_size)[:-random.randint(1, 1000)]
|
|
timestamp = timestamp or utils.Timestamp.now()
|
|
etag = md5(test_body).hexdigest()
|
|
ec_archive_bodies = encode_frag_archive_bodies(policy, test_body)
|
|
|
|
return {
|
|
'body': test_body,
|
|
'etag': etag,
|
|
'frags': ec_archive_bodies,
|
|
'timestamp': timestamp
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
def fake_ec_node_response(node_frags, policy):
|
|
"""
|
|
Given a list of entries for each node in ring order, where the entries
|
|
are a dict (or list of dicts) which describes the fragment (or
|
|
fragments) that are on the node; create a function suitable for use
|
|
with capture_http_requests that will accept a req object and return a
|
|
response that will suitably fake the behavior of an object server who
|
|
had the given fragments on disk at the time.
|
|
|
|
:param node_frags: a list. Each item in the list describes the
|
|
fragments that are on a node; each item is a dict or list of dicts,
|
|
each dict describing a single fragment; where the item is a list,
|
|
repeated calls to get_response will return fragments in the order
|
|
of the list; each dict has keys:
|
|
- obj: an object stub, as generated by _make_ec_object_stub,
|
|
that defines all of the fragments that compose an object
|
|
at a specific timestamp.
|
|
- frag: the index of a fragment to be selected from the object
|
|
stub
|
|
- durable (optional): True if the selected fragment is durable
|
|
:param policy: storage policy to return
|
|
"""
|
|
node_map = {} # maps node ip and port to node index
|
|
all_nodes = []
|
|
call_count = {} # maps node index to get_response call count for node
|
|
|
|
def _build_node_map(req, policy):
|
|
node_key = lambda n: (n['ip'], n['port'])
|
|
part = utils.split_path(req['path'], 5, 5, True)[1]
|
|
all_nodes.extend(policy.object_ring.get_part_nodes(part))
|
|
all_nodes.extend(policy.object_ring.get_more_nodes(part))
|
|
for i, node in enumerate(all_nodes):
|
|
node_map[node_key(node)] = i
|
|
call_count[i] = 0
|
|
|
|
# normalize node_frags to a list of fragments for each node even
|
|
# if there's only one fragment in the dataset provided.
|
|
for i, frags in enumerate(node_frags):
|
|
if isinstance(frags, dict):
|
|
node_frags[i] = [frags]
|
|
|
|
def get_response(req):
|
|
requested_policy = int(
|
|
req['headers']['X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index'])
|
|
if int(policy) != requested_policy:
|
|
AssertionError(
|
|
"Requested polciy doesn't fit the fake response policy")
|
|
if not node_map:
|
|
_build_node_map(req, policy)
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
node_index = node_map[(req['ip'], req['port'])]
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
raise Exception("Couldn't find node %s:%s in %r" % (
|
|
req['ip'], req['port'], all_nodes))
|
|
try:
|
|
frags = node_frags[node_index]
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
raise Exception('Found node %r:%r at index %s - '
|
|
'but only got %s stub response nodes' % (
|
|
req['ip'], req['port'], node_index,
|
|
len(node_frags)))
|
|
|
|
if not frags:
|
|
return StubResponse(404)
|
|
|
|
# determine response fragment (if any) for this call
|
|
resp_frag = frags[call_count[node_index]]
|
|
call_count[node_index] += 1
|
|
frag_prefs = req['headers'].get('X-Backend-Fragment-Preferences')
|
|
if not (frag_prefs or resp_frag.get('durable', True)):
|
|
return StubResponse(404)
|
|
|
|
# prepare durable timestamp and backend frags header for this node
|
|
obj_stub = resp_frag['obj']
|
|
ts2frags = defaultdict(list)
|
|
durable_timestamp = None
|
|
for frag in frags:
|
|
ts_frag = frag['obj']['timestamp']
|
|
if frag.get('durable', True):
|
|
durable_timestamp = ts_frag.internal
|
|
ts2frags[ts_frag].append(frag['frag'])
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
body = obj_stub['frags'][resp_frag['frag']]
|
|
except IndexError as err:
|
|
raise Exception(
|
|
'Frag index %s not defined: node index %s, frags %r\n%s' %
|
|
(resp_frag['frag'], node_index, [f['frag'] for f in frags],
|
|
err))
|
|
headers = {
|
|
'X-Object-Sysmeta-Ec-Content-Length': len(obj_stub['body']),
|
|
'X-Object-Sysmeta-Ec-Etag': obj_stub['etag'],
|
|
'X-Object-Sysmeta-Ec-Frag-Index':
|
|
policy.get_backend_index(resp_frag['frag']),
|
|
'X-Backend-Timestamp': obj_stub['timestamp'].internal,
|
|
'X-Timestamp': obj_stub['timestamp'].normal,
|
|
'X-Backend-Data-Timestamp': obj_stub['timestamp'].internal,
|
|
'X-Backend-Fragments':
|
|
server._make_backend_fragments_header(ts2frags)
|
|
}
|
|
if durable_timestamp:
|
|
headers['X-Backend-Durable-Timestamp'] = durable_timestamp
|
|
|
|
return StubResponse(200, body, headers)
|
|
|
|
return get_response
|
|
|
|
|
|
supports_xattr_cached_val = None
|
|
|
|
|
|
def xattr_supported_check():
|
|
"""
|
|
This check simply sets more than 4k of metadata on a tempfile and
|
|
returns True if it worked and False if not.
|
|
|
|
We want to use *more* than 4k of metadata in this check because
|
|
some filesystems (eg ext4) only allow one blocksize worth of
|
|
metadata. The XFS filesystem doesn't have this limit, and so this
|
|
check returns True when TMPDIR is XFS. This check will return
|
|
False under ext4 (which supports xattrs <= 4k) and tmpfs (which
|
|
doesn't support xattrs at all).
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
global supports_xattr_cached_val
|
|
|
|
if supports_xattr_cached_val is not None:
|
|
return supports_xattr_cached_val
|
|
|
|
# assume the worst -- xattrs aren't supported
|
|
supports_xattr_cached_val = False
|
|
|
|
big_val = b'x' * (4096 + 1) # more than 4k of metadata
|
|
try:
|
|
fd, tmppath = mkstemp()
|
|
xattr.setxattr(fd, 'user.swift.testing_key', big_val)
|
|
except IOError as e:
|
|
if errno.errorcode.get(e.errno) in ('ENOSPC', 'ENOTSUP', 'EOPNOTSUPP',
|
|
'ERANGE'):
|
|
# filesystem does not support xattr of this size
|
|
return False
|
|
raise
|
|
else:
|
|
supports_xattr_cached_val = True
|
|
return True
|
|
finally:
|
|
# clean up the tmpfile
|
|
os.close(fd)
|
|
os.unlink(tmppath)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def skip_if_no_xattrs():
|
|
if not xattr_supported_check():
|
|
raise SkipTest('Large xattrs not supported in `%s`. Skipping test' %
|
|
gettempdir())
|
|
|
|
|
|
def unlink_files(paths):
|
|
for path in paths:
|
|
try:
|
|
os.unlink(path)
|
|
except OSError as err:
|
|
if err.errno != errno.ENOENT:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FakeHTTPResponse(object):
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, resp):
|
|
self.resp = resp
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def status(self):
|
|
return self.resp.status_int
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def data(self):
|
|
return self.resp.body
|
|
|
|
|
|
def attach_fake_replication_rpc(rpc, replicate_hook=None, errors=None):
|
|
class FakeReplConnection(object):
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, node, partition, hash_, logger):
|
|
self.logger = logger
|
|
self.node = node
|
|
self.partition = partition
|
|
self.path = '/%s/%s/%s' % (node['device'], partition, hash_)
|
|
self.host = node['replication_ip']
|
|
|
|
def replicate(self, op, *sync_args):
|
|
print('REPLICATE: %s, %s, %r' % (self.path, op, sync_args))
|
|
resp = None
|
|
if errors and op in errors and errors[op]:
|
|
resp = errors[op].pop(0)
|
|
if not resp:
|
|
replicate_args = self.path.lstrip('/').split('/')
|
|
args = [op] + copy.deepcopy(list(sync_args))
|
|
with mock_check_drive(isdir=not rpc.mount_check,
|
|
ismount=rpc.mount_check):
|
|
swob_response = rpc.dispatch(replicate_args, args)
|
|
resp = FakeHTTPResponse(swob_response)
|
|
if replicate_hook:
|
|
replicate_hook(op, *sync_args)
|
|
return resp
|
|
|
|
return FakeReplConnection
|
|
|
|
|
|
def group_by_byte(contents):
|
|
# This looks a little funny, but iterating through a byte string on py3
|
|
# yields a sequence of ints, not a sequence of single-byte byte strings
|
|
# as it did on py2.
|
|
byte_iter = (contents[i:i + 1] for i in range(len(contents)))
|
|
return [
|
|
(char, sum(1 for _ in grp))
|
|
for char, grp in itertools.groupby(byte_iter)]
|