Starting with Linux 4.1, the kernel includes vfio-pci.
VFIO - "Virtual Function I/O".
The VFIO driver is an IOMMU/device agnostic framework for exposing
direct device access to userspace, in a secure, IOMMU protected
environment.
The vfio-pci takes full advantage of IOMMU, has better device support
and prevents multiple access to the same device.
Binding a pci device to vfio-pci driver is very useful for setting
pci-passthrough for a VM
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