vmware-nsx/quantum/openstack/common/policy.py
Gary Kotton 07cde19d07 Update latest OSLO.
Changes include:
1. Removing the 'extras' in the pip-requires
2. Fixes for fake implementations for RPC calls
3. Version updates due to common version update

Change-Id: Iefd32b3f7d529943b078e6d927d06043286ff94e
2013-01-15 14:43:39 +00:00

780 lines
21 KiB
Python

# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4
# Copyright (c) 2012 OpenStack, LLC.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
"""
Common Policy Engine Implementation
Policies can be expressed in one of two forms: A list of lists, or a
string written in the new policy language.
In the list-of-lists representation, each check inside the innermost
list is combined as with an "and" conjunction--for that check to pass,
all the specified checks must pass. These innermost lists are then
combined as with an "or" conjunction. This is the original way of
expressing policies, but there now exists a new way: the policy
language.
In the policy language, each check is specified the same way as in the
list-of-lists representation: a simple "a:b" pair that is matched to
the correct code to perform that check. However, conjunction
operators are available, allowing for more expressiveness in crafting
policies.
As an example, take the following rule, expressed in the list-of-lists
representation::
[["role:admin"], ["project_id:%(project_id)s", "role:projectadmin"]]
In the policy language, this becomes::
role:admin or (project_id:%(project_id)s and role:projectadmin)
The policy language also has the "not" operator, allowing a richer
policy rule::
project_id:%(project_id)s and not role:dunce
Finally, two special policy checks should be mentioned; the policy
check "@" will always accept an access, and the policy check "!" will
always reject an access. (Note that if a rule is either the empty
list ("[]") or the empty string, this is equivalent to the "@" policy
check.) Of these, the "!" policy check is probably the most useful,
as it allows particular rules to be explicitly disabled.
"""
import abc
import logging
import re
import urllib
import urllib2
from quantum.openstack.common.gettextutils import _
from quantum.openstack.common import jsonutils
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_rules = None
_checks = {}
class Rules(dict):
"""
A store for rules. Handles the default_rule setting directly.
"""
@classmethod
def load_json(cls, data, default_rule=None):
"""
Allow loading of JSON rule data.
"""
# Suck in the JSON data and parse the rules
rules = dict((k, parse_rule(v)) for k, v in
jsonutils.loads(data).items())
return cls(rules, default_rule)
def __init__(self, rules=None, default_rule=None):
"""Initialize the Rules store."""
super(Rules, self).__init__(rules or {})
self.default_rule = default_rule
def __missing__(self, key):
"""Implements the default rule handling."""
# If the default rule isn't actually defined, do something
# reasonably intelligent
if not self.default_rule or self.default_rule not in self:
raise KeyError(key)
return self[self.default_rule]
def __str__(self):
"""Dumps a string representation of the rules."""
# Start by building the canonical strings for the rules
out_rules = {}
for key, value in self.items():
# Use empty string for singleton TrueCheck instances
if isinstance(value, TrueCheck):
out_rules[key] = ''
else:
out_rules[key] = str(value)
# Dump a pretty-printed JSON representation
return jsonutils.dumps(out_rules, indent=4)
# Really have to figure out a way to deprecate this
def set_rules(rules):
"""Set the rules in use for policy checks."""
global _rules
_rules = rules
# Ditto
def reset():
"""Clear the rules used for policy checks."""
global _rules
_rules = None
def check(rule, target, creds, exc=None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Checks authorization of a rule against the target and credentials.
:param rule: The rule to evaluate.
:param target: As much information about the object being operated
on as possible, as a dictionary.
:param creds: As much information about the user performing the
action as possible, as a dictionary.
:param exc: Class of the exception to raise if the check fails.
Any remaining arguments passed to check() (both
positional and keyword arguments) will be passed to
the exception class. If exc is not provided, returns
False.
:return: Returns False if the policy does not allow the action and
exc is not provided; otherwise, returns a value that
evaluates to True. Note: for rules using the "case"
expression, this True value will be the specified string
from the expression.
"""
# Allow the rule to be a Check tree
if isinstance(rule, BaseCheck):
result = rule(target, creds)
elif not _rules:
# No rules to reference means we're going to fail closed
result = False
else:
try:
# Evaluate the rule
result = _rules[rule](target, creds)
except KeyError:
# If the rule doesn't exist, fail closed
result = False
# If it is False, raise the exception if requested
if exc and result is False:
raise exc(*args, **kwargs)
return result
class BaseCheck(object):
"""
Abstract base class for Check classes.
"""
__metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
@abc.abstractmethod
def __str__(self):
"""
Retrieve a string representation of the Check tree rooted at
this node.
"""
pass
@abc.abstractmethod
def __call__(self, target, cred):
"""
Perform the check. Returns False to reject the access or a
true value (not necessary True) to accept the access.
"""
pass
class FalseCheck(BaseCheck):
"""
A policy check that always returns False (disallow).
"""
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this check."""
return "!"
def __call__(self, target, cred):
"""Check the policy."""
return False
class TrueCheck(BaseCheck):
"""
A policy check that always returns True (allow).
"""
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this check."""
return "@"
def __call__(self, target, cred):
"""Check the policy."""
return True
class Check(BaseCheck):
"""
A base class to allow for user-defined policy checks.
"""
def __init__(self, kind, match):
"""
:param kind: The kind of the check, i.e., the field before the
':'.
:param match: The match of the check, i.e., the field after
the ':'.
"""
self.kind = kind
self.match = match
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this check."""
return "%s:%s" % (self.kind, self.match)
class NotCheck(BaseCheck):
"""
A policy check that inverts the result of another policy check.
Implements the "not" operator.
"""
def __init__(self, rule):
"""
Initialize the 'not' check.
:param rule: The rule to negate. Must be a Check.
"""
self.rule = rule
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this check."""
return "not %s" % self.rule
def __call__(self, target, cred):
"""
Check the policy. Returns the logical inverse of the wrapped
check.
"""
return not self.rule(target, cred)
class AndCheck(BaseCheck):
"""
A policy check that requires that a list of other checks all
return True. Implements the "and" operator.
"""
def __init__(self, rules):
"""
Initialize the 'and' check.
:param rules: A list of rules that will be tested.
"""
self.rules = rules
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this check."""
return "(%s)" % ' and '.join(str(r) for r in self.rules)
def __call__(self, target, cred):
"""
Check the policy. Requires that all rules accept in order to
return True.
"""
for rule in self.rules:
if not rule(target, cred):
return False
return True
def add_check(self, rule):
"""
Allows addition of another rule to the list of rules that will
be tested. Returns the AndCheck object for convenience.
"""
self.rules.append(rule)
return self
class OrCheck(BaseCheck):
"""
A policy check that requires that at least one of a list of other
checks returns True. Implements the "or" operator.
"""
def __init__(self, rules):
"""
Initialize the 'or' check.
:param rules: A list of rules that will be tested.
"""
self.rules = rules
def __str__(self):
"""Return a string representation of this check."""
return "(%s)" % ' or '.join(str(r) for r in self.rules)
def __call__(self, target, cred):
"""
Check the policy. Requires that at least one rule accept in
order to return True.
"""
for rule in self.rules:
if rule(target, cred):
return True
return False
def add_check(self, rule):
"""
Allows addition of another rule to the list of rules that will
be tested. Returns the OrCheck object for convenience.
"""
self.rules.append(rule)
return self
def _parse_check(rule):
"""
Parse a single base check rule into an appropriate Check object.
"""
# Handle the special checks
if rule == '!':
return FalseCheck()
elif rule == '@':
return TrueCheck()
try:
kind, match = rule.split(':', 1)
except Exception:
LOG.exception(_("Failed to understand rule %(rule)s") % locals())
# If the rule is invalid, we'll fail closed
return FalseCheck()
# Find what implements the check
if kind in _checks:
return _checks[kind](kind, match)
elif None in _checks:
return _checks[None](kind, match)
else:
LOG.error(_("No handler for matches of kind %s") % kind)
return FalseCheck()
def _parse_list_rule(rule):
"""
Provided for backwards compatibility. Translates the old
list-of-lists syntax into a tree of Check objects.
"""
# Empty rule defaults to True
if not rule:
return TrueCheck()
# Outer list is joined by "or"; inner list by "and"
or_list = []
for inner_rule in rule:
# Elide empty inner lists
if not inner_rule:
continue
# Handle bare strings
if isinstance(inner_rule, basestring):
inner_rule = [inner_rule]
# Parse the inner rules into Check objects
and_list = [_parse_check(r) for r in inner_rule]
# Append the appropriate check to the or_list
if len(and_list) == 1:
or_list.append(and_list[0])
else:
or_list.append(AndCheck(and_list))
# If we have only one check, omit the "or"
if len(or_list) == 0:
return FalseCheck()
elif len(or_list) == 1:
return or_list[0]
return OrCheck(or_list)
# Used for tokenizing the policy language
_tokenize_re = re.compile(r'\s+')
def _parse_tokenize(rule):
"""
Tokenizer for the policy language.
Most of the single-character tokens are specified in the
_tokenize_re; however, parentheses need to be handled specially,
because they can appear inside a check string. Thankfully, those
parentheses that appear inside a check string can never occur at
the very beginning or end ("%(variable)s" is the correct syntax).
"""
for tok in _tokenize_re.split(rule):
# Skip empty tokens
if not tok or tok.isspace():
continue
# Handle leading parens on the token
clean = tok.lstrip('(')
for i in range(len(tok) - len(clean)):
yield '(', '('
# If it was only parentheses, continue
if not clean:
continue
else:
tok = clean
# Handle trailing parens on the token
clean = tok.rstrip(')')
trail = len(tok) - len(clean)
# Yield the cleaned token
lowered = clean.lower()
if lowered in ('and', 'or', 'not'):
# Special tokens
yield lowered, clean
elif clean:
# Not a special token, but not composed solely of ')'
if len(tok) >= 2 and ((tok[0], tok[-1]) in
[('"', '"'), ("'", "'")]):
# It's a quoted string
yield 'string', tok[1:-1]
else:
yield 'check', _parse_check(clean)
# Yield the trailing parens
for i in range(trail):
yield ')', ')'
class ParseStateMeta(type):
"""
Metaclass for the ParseState class. Facilitates identifying
reduction methods.
"""
def __new__(mcs, name, bases, cls_dict):
"""
Create the class. Injects the 'reducers' list, a list of
tuples matching token sequences to the names of the
corresponding reduction methods.
"""
reducers = []
for key, value in cls_dict.items():
if not hasattr(value, 'reducers'):
continue
for reduction in value.reducers:
reducers.append((reduction, key))
cls_dict['reducers'] = reducers
return super(ParseStateMeta, mcs).__new__(mcs, name, bases, cls_dict)
def reducer(*tokens):
"""
Decorator for reduction methods. Arguments are a sequence of
tokens, in order, which should trigger running this reduction
method.
"""
def decorator(func):
# Make sure we have a list of reducer sequences
if not hasattr(func, 'reducers'):
func.reducers = []
# Add the tokens to the list of reducer sequences
func.reducers.append(list(tokens))
return func
return decorator
class ParseState(object):
"""
Implement the core of parsing the policy language. Uses a greedy
reduction algorithm to reduce a sequence of tokens into a single
terminal, the value of which will be the root of the Check tree.
Note: error reporting is rather lacking. The best we can get with
this parser formulation is an overall "parse failed" error.
Fortunately, the policy language is simple enough that this
shouldn't be that big a problem.
"""
__metaclass__ = ParseStateMeta
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the ParseState."""
self.tokens = []
self.values = []
def reduce(self):
"""
Perform a greedy reduction of the token stream. If a reducer
method matches, it will be executed, then the reduce() method
will be called recursively to search for any more possible
reductions.
"""
for reduction, methname in self.reducers:
if (len(self.tokens) >= len(reduction) and
self.tokens[-len(reduction):] == reduction):
# Get the reduction method
meth = getattr(self, methname)
# Reduce the token stream
results = meth(*self.values[-len(reduction):])
# Update the tokens and values
self.tokens[-len(reduction):] = [r[0] for r in results]
self.values[-len(reduction):] = [r[1] for r in results]
# Check for any more reductions
return self.reduce()
def shift(self, tok, value):
"""Adds one more token to the state. Calls reduce()."""
self.tokens.append(tok)
self.values.append(value)
# Do a greedy reduce...
self.reduce()
@property
def result(self):
"""
Obtain the final result of the parse. Raises ValueError if
the parse failed to reduce to a single result.
"""
if len(self.values) != 1:
raise ValueError("Could not parse rule")
return self.values[0]
@reducer('(', 'check', ')')
@reducer('(', 'and_expr', ')')
@reducer('(', 'or_expr', ')')
def _wrap_check(self, _p1, check, _p2):
"""Turn parenthesized expressions into a 'check' token."""
return [('check', check)]
@reducer('check', 'and', 'check')
def _make_and_expr(self, check1, _and, check2):
"""
Create an 'and_expr' from two checks joined by the 'and'
operator.
"""
return [('and_expr', AndCheck([check1, check2]))]
@reducer('and_expr', 'and', 'check')
def _extend_and_expr(self, and_expr, _and, check):
"""
Extend an 'and_expr' by adding one more check.
"""
return [('and_expr', and_expr.add_check(check))]
@reducer('check', 'or', 'check')
def _make_or_expr(self, check1, _or, check2):
"""
Create an 'or_expr' from two checks joined by the 'or'
operator.
"""
return [('or_expr', OrCheck([check1, check2]))]
@reducer('or_expr', 'or', 'check')
def _extend_or_expr(self, or_expr, _or, check):
"""
Extend an 'or_expr' by adding one more check.
"""
return [('or_expr', or_expr.add_check(check))]
@reducer('not', 'check')
def _make_not_expr(self, _not, check):
"""Invert the result of another check."""
return [('check', NotCheck(check))]
def _parse_text_rule(rule):
"""
Translates a policy written in the policy language into a tree of
Check objects.
"""
# Empty rule means always accept
if not rule:
return TrueCheck()
# Parse the token stream
state = ParseState()
for tok, value in _parse_tokenize(rule):
state.shift(tok, value)
try:
return state.result
except ValueError:
# Couldn't parse the rule
LOG.exception(_("Failed to understand rule %(rule)r") % locals())
# Fail closed
return FalseCheck()
def parse_rule(rule):
"""
Parses a policy rule into a tree of Check objects.
"""
# If the rule is a string, it's in the policy language
if isinstance(rule, basestring):
return _parse_text_rule(rule)
return _parse_list_rule(rule)
def register(name, func=None):
"""
Register a function or Check class as a policy check.
:param name: Gives the name of the check type, e.g., 'rule',
'role', etc. If name is None, a default check type
will be registered.
:param func: If given, provides the function or class to register.
If not given, returns a function taking one argument
to specify the function or class to register,
allowing use as a decorator.
"""
# Perform the actual decoration by registering the function or
# class. Returns the function or class for compliance with the
# decorator interface.
def decorator(func):
_checks[name] = func
return func
# If the function or class is given, do the registration
if func:
return decorator(func)
return decorator
@register("rule")
class RuleCheck(Check):
def __call__(self, target, creds):
"""
Recursively checks credentials based on the defined rules.
"""
try:
return _rules[self.match](target, creds)
except KeyError:
# We don't have any matching rule; fail closed
return False
@register("role")
class RoleCheck(Check):
def __call__(self, target, creds):
"""Check that there is a matching role in the cred dict."""
return self.match.lower() in [x.lower() for x in creds['roles']]
@register('http')
class HttpCheck(Check):
def __call__(self, target, creds):
"""
Check http: rules by calling to a remote server.
This example implementation simply verifies that the response
is exactly 'True'.
"""
url = ('http:' + self.match) % target
data = {'target': jsonutils.dumps(target),
'credentials': jsonutils.dumps(creds)}
post_data = urllib.urlencode(data)
f = urllib2.urlopen(url, post_data)
return f.read() == "True"
@register(None)
class GenericCheck(Check):
def __call__(self, target, creds):
"""
Check an individual match.
Matches look like:
tenant:%(tenant_id)s
role:compute:admin
"""
# TODO(termie): do dict inspection via dot syntax
match = self.match % target
if self.kind in creds:
return match == unicode(creds[self.kind])
return False